1. 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 Berlin Wall Built (1961) Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) NASA astronaut s land on the moon (1969) SALT I (1972) Nixon visits China (1972) Mao Zedong dies (1976) Tet Offensive (Vietnam) (1968) The Cold War 1960s-1970s U2 Incident (1960) Gulf of Tonkin Incident (Vietnam) (1964) U.S. and Soviets fly to space together (1975) Soviets invade Afghanistan (1979)

2. The Cold War 1960s-1970s

3. Step (zero): Dien Bien phu Dien Bien Phu Since the mid 1800s, the French had colonized much of Southeast Asia, including Vietnam. Toward the end of the First Indochina War, French forces were defeated in the 1954 battle of Dien Bien Phu. The French left Southeast Asia later that year. Vietnam Map Activity Make a symbol on your key for a “BATTLE” then draw and label DIEN BEIN PHU

4. Step One: CHINA Dien Bien Phu China played a role in the First Indochina War by sending military personnel to help defeat the French. In fact about 2,000 Soviet and Chinese military ‘advisors’ trained the Vietnamese and provided them with military equipment for this war. Soviet truck supplied by the Chinese to the Vietnamese against the French Vietnam Map Activity CHINA

5. Step Two: Thailand CHINA THAILAND Dien Bien Phu Thailand was a member of SEATO (Southeast Asian Treaty Organization) and was therefore in a military alliance with the United States and many other Western Nations. During the Vietnam War, the U.S. would use airbases in Thailand, and many of the Hmong people would seek refuge there. Vietnam Map Activity LABEL: Thailand

6. Step Three: Laos CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS Dien Bien Phu During the Vietnam War, Laos simultaneously experienced their own Civil War between royalists and communists. Much of the Vietnam War was fought across the border in Laos. The U.S. invaded parts of Laos and bombed the country consistently. Vietnam Map Activity LABEL: Laos

7. Step Four: Cambodia CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Dien Bien Phu Cambodia became a monarchy in 1953, and then a Republic in 1970. North Vietnamese used supply routes in Cambodia during the Vietnam War. Americans invaded Cambodia during the war to disrupt these supply lines. Vietnam Map Activity LABEL: Cambodia

8. Step Five: Hmong CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Dien Bien Phu The Hmong were a nomadic people from China and Southeast Asia that were secretly allied to the U.S. in the Vietnam War. They were expecting to establish their own nation after a U.S. victory, which never occurred. Instead, the Hmong were (and still are) persecuted in the forests of Laos and Vietnam. Large numbers have come to the U.S. since the 1970s. Vietnam Map Activity LABEL & COLOR: Hmong territory

9. Step Six: Bodies of Water CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand Dien Bien Phu Since the United States was the world’s dominant naval force, launching air strikes from ships and bombing raids from carriers in the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea or Gulf of Thailand would be a theme of the Vietnam War. Vietnam Map Activity LABEL: Gulf of Tonkin

10. Step Seven: 17 th Parallel CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Dien Bien Phu Similar to the situation in Korea, the country of Vietnam was split close to a line of latitude; in this case the 17 th parallel. communist North Vietnam was above the line and democratic South Vietnam was below the line. Vietnam Map Activity DRAW & LABEL: 17 th Parallel

11. Step Eight: Hanoi CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Hanoi Dien Bien Phu Hanoi was the capital of North Vietnam after Japanese occupation in 1945, and then again after French occupation in 1954. Vietnam Map Activity Make a symbol on your key for a “Capital City” Then draw and LABEL: Hanoi

12. Step Nine: Saigon CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Hanoi Saigon Dien Bien Phu Saigon was the capital of South Vietnam prior to, and during the Vietnam War. After the fall of Saigon at the end of the war, the name of the city was officially changed to Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam Map Activity LABEL: Saigon Using your symbol for a “Capital City” draw and LABEL: Saigon

13. Step Ten: U.S. Air Raids CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Hanoi Saigon U.S. Air Raids Dien Bien Phu Later in the war, the United States performed air raids on the North Vietnamese capital of Hanoi. Operation Linebacker II was the codename for the so-called ‘Christmas Bombings’ or ‘December Raids’, which targeted Hanoi. Vietnam Map Activity Make a symbol on your key for “US AIR RAIDS” and draw in the US air raids on N. Vietnam

14. Step Eleven: Gulf of Tonkin Incident CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Hanoi Saigon U.S. Air Raids G.o.T. Incident Dien Bien Phu The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a naval confrontation between the U.S. and the North Vietnamese. Shots were fired and just a handful of North Vietnamese casualties (no U.S. casualties). This led to Congress passing a Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave president Johnson the authority to give military assistance to any Southeast Asian country without congress voting to go to war. Vietnam Map Activity LABEL: G.O.T. Incident

15. Step Twelve: Ho Chi Minh Trail CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Hanoi Saigon U.S. Air Raids G.o.T. Incident Ho Chi Minh Trail Dien Bien Phu Ho Chi Minh Trail, named after the North Vietnamese revolutionary leader, was a supply line used by the North through Laos and Cambodia. This allowed the North to attack at strategic locations in South Vietnam. Vietnam Map Activity Make a symbol on your key and draw in The “Ho Chi Minh Trail

16. Step Thirteen: Tet Offensive CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Hanoi Saigon U.S. Air Raids G.o.T. Incident Ho Chi Minh Trail = Tet Offensive Dien Bien Phu The Tet Offensive was a series of over 100 coordinated attacks by the North on January 30 th, 1968. Although it was not successful in terms of gaining land, there were casualties (c. 5,000 S. Vietnamese, c. 5,000 Americans, c. 20,000 N. Vietnamese). It was discouraging to American forces (and citizens back home), who realized that the war was not going to end any time soon. Vietnam Map Activity Make a Symbol on your key and draw in the Attacks of the Tet Offensive

17. Step Fourteen: Invasion of Cambodia CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Hanoi Saigon U.S. Air Raids G.o.T. Incident Ho Chi Minh Trail = Tet Offensive Invasion of Cambodia Dien Bien Phu In 1970, President Nixon ordered the invasion of Cambodia for the purpose of disrupting North Vietnamese supply lines along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. This included 30 separate operations between May and June of 1970. Vietnam Map Activity Using the same symbol you made on your key For US Air Raids draw in the US invasion of Cambodia

18. Step Fifteen: Invasion of Laos CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Hanoi Saigon U.S. Air Raids G.o.T. Incident Ho Chi Minh Trail = Tet Offensive Invasion of Cambodia Dien Bien Phu In 1971, The United States staged invasions into Laos from areas just south of the 17 th parallel. The purpose was the same as the Cambodian invasions; to disrupt North Vietnamese supply lines on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Invasion of Laos Vietnam Map Activity Using the same symbol you made on your key For US Air Raids draw in the US invasion of Laos

19. Step Sixteen: Fall of Saigon CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Hanoi Saigon U.S. Air Raids G.o.T. Incident Ho Chi Minh Trail = Tet Offensive Invasion of Cambodia Dien Bien Phu After Nixon began gradually pulling out U.S. troops (replacing them with Vietnamese forces), U.S. involvement in this war ended with the largest helicopter evacuation in history out of the city of Saigon (April 30 th, 1975). The city fell to North Vietnamese forces a week later. Invasion of Laos Vietnam Map Activity Make a symbol on your key for the “Fall of Saigon” and draw on your map

20. On the back of your map, answer the questions: CHINA THAILAND LAOS LAOS CAMBODIA Hmong Gulf of Tonkin South China Sea Gulf of Thailand  17 th parallel Hanoi Saigon U.S. Air Raids G.o.T. Incident Ho Chi Minh Trail = Tet Offensive Invasion of Cambodia Dien Bien Phu Invasion of Laos Vietnam Map Activity