1. Psychology as Science Science Empiricism Testable/Falsifiable Objectivity Challenges Existing Beliefs Shared Methods “Pop-psych” Untestable Simplistic Confirms existing beliefs $$$$

2. The Five Steps of the Scientific Method Developing a hypothesis Performing a controlled test Gathering objective data Analyzing the results Publishing, criticizing, and replicating the results

3. Critical Thinking Skills Ask questions Examine the evidence Look for Bias Consider alternate explanations Tolerate uncertainty*

4. Chapter 1 Mind, Behavior, and Science This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. ISBN: 0-205-37181-7

5. True or False? Your brain makes a painkiller similar to heroinYour brain makes a painkiller similar to heroin True: Naturally produced chemicals called endorphins are closely related to heroinTrue: Naturally produced chemicals called endorphins are closely related to heroin

6. Many things that happen to us leave no record in memoryMany things that happen to us leave no record in memory True or False? True: Most of the information around us never reaches memory, and what does reach memory often gets distortedTrue: Most of the information around us never reaches memory, and what does reach memory often gets distorted

7. You are born with all the brain cells you will ever haveYou are born with all the brain cells you will ever have True or False? False: Recent research shows that some parts of the brain continue producing new cells throughout lifeFalse: Recent research shows that some parts of the brain continue producing new cells throughout life

8. The most common form of mental disorder occurs in 30% of the populationThe most common form of mental disorder occurs in 30% of the population True or False? True: Depression, the single most common disorder, may affect up to a third of the population at some point in their livesTrue: Depression, the single most common disorder, may affect up to a third of the population at some point in their lives

9. Seven Modern Perspectives of Psychology Biological Evolutionary Psychodynamic Behavioral Cognitive Humanistic Sociocultural

10. What Do Psychologists Do? Psychology is a broad field with many specialties, grouped in two major categories: experimental psychology and applied psychology

11. Experimental Psychologists What Do Psychologists Do? Conduct most research across psychological spectrum Often teach at college or university May work in private industry or for the government

12. Applied Psychologists Clinical Counseling Engineering Rehabilitation I/O School What Do Psychologists Do? Use knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems

13. Psychologists in Other Settings Sports Consumer Issues Advertising Organizational Problems Environmental Issues Public policy Opinion polls Military training Animal behavior Legal Issues

14. Psychology’s History 1. Wilhelm Wundt First Laboratory 1879 Productive Researcher Structuralism Introspection

15. William James “father of American psychology” Principles of Psychology (1890) Functionalism

16. Extreme Environmentalism “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own special world to bring them up in, and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might select - doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and yes, beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.” –John Broadus Watson, 1928

17. 3. John Watson Upstart, disagreed with research on “mind” Behaviorism Observable, objectivity Little Albert

18. 4. Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis Psychosexual Pessimistic Unconscious Sex/Anxiety

19. Final Figure 5. Carl Rogers Humanist Optimistic Self actualization