1. Review of pages in packet

3. 1.) How much money was earned in 1861? 1879? 1861 - 130,000,0001879 – 529,012,999 2.) What is the difference between 1861 & 1879? Drastically increased by about $400,000,000 3.) What do you think the reason for this difference is? Many more railroads were built due to industrialization and movement west. More profit was earned because of this. More goods were shipped and more people moved (all paying for this service).

4. INVENTOR’S NAMEYEAR OF INVENTION INVENTIONHOW DID THE INVENTION AFFECT INDUSTRIALIZATION? BESSEMER 1850BESSEMER PROCESS ALLOWED THE PRODUCTION OF STEEL TO BE MUCH FASTER TO MAKE FACTORIES, BRIDGES, & RAILROADS EDISON1878LIGHT BULBCAN LIGHT FACTORIES CAN RUN MACHINES Replaces candles BELL 1876TELEPHONECAN COMMUNICATE NEW IDEAS AND INVENTIONS WRIGHT BROTHERS 1903AIRPLANETRANSPORT GOODS AND PEOPLE QUICKER

5. GEORGE PULLMAN BETWEEN 1860 AND 1870 PULLMAN CARNEW PASSENGER AND SLEEPING CARS ALLOWED FOR SAFER AND MORE COMFORTABLE TRAVEL GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE 1860’SNEW BRAKESMADE RAILROAD TRAVEL SAFER EDWIN DRAKE1859A WAY TO PUMP CRUDE OIL OUT OF THE GROUND THIS MADE IT POSSIBLE TO PUMP THE OIL OUT IN MASS QUANTITIES, OIL BECOMES BIG BUSINESS NIKOLAUS OTTO 1876ENGINE POWERED BY GASOLINE CREATED ANOTHER SOURCE OF POWER FOR FACTORIES AND NEW TRANSPORTATION

7. 1.) In 1870, how much steel was produced? 50,000 tons of steel 2.) In 1880, how much steel was produced? 1,000,000 tons of steel 3.) What was the reason for the difference (p. 579)? BESSEMER PROCESS sped up the process to create steel

8. Find the page with this cartoon: Look at the cartoon: What do you see? How many things in this picture could you label if I asked you to do so?

9. 1) Who is the man in this cartoon? JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER 2) What industry did he control? OIL 3) What is made to look like a factory in the background? THE CAPITOL BUILDING, where Congress works 4) What is the message of this cartoon? JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER WAS SO POWERFUL, HE EVEN CONTROLLED THE GOVERNMENT, too much power 5) What act was passed to try to prevent monopolies? THE SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT

10. WORKING CONDITIONS: Describe what working conditions were like below (p. 586). LONG HOURS, LOW WAGES, DANGEROUS MACHINERY, UNHEALTHY CONDITIONS

11. 1) What type of work is shown in this picture? COAL MINING 2) Describe the worker. YOUNG, DIRTY, SAD 3) Describe the working conditions. DANGEROUS, DIRTY 4) What problem is shown in this picture? CHILD LABOR

12. Before answering these questions: Watch this youtube video about Upton Sinclair’s book http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2ppaJwQ9UM QUESTIONS: What was it like working in the factory? DARK, COLD, CHEMICALS EATING THROUGH BOOTS What was wrong with Antanas as a result of the working conditions and what eventually happened to him? BAD COUGH, SORE FEET AND HE EVENTUALLY COLLAPSED AND DIED List some of the dangers of working on the killing beds. VERY COLD, BLOODY, SKIN STICKS TO KNIVES, WORKING FAST WITH KNIVES, POOR VISIBILITY

13. Due to the bad working conditions, workers formed UNIONS. Sometimes the unions decided to go on STRIKE to get better conditions. Haymarket Riot What caused the strike: DEMAND FOR 8 HOUR WORK DAY. WHILE ON STRIKE 2 STRIKERS WERE KILLED. THEN WORKERS WERE PROTESTING THE KILLINGS AND SEVERAL MORE WERE KILLED AND INJURED. Was the strike successful? NO. UNION MEMBERSHIP DECLINED.

14. Homestead Strike What caused the strike? COMPANY WANTED TO ADD NEW MACHINERY THAT WOULD REPLACE WORKERS Was the strike successful? NO. FIGHTING BROKE OUT AND THE UNION WAS DEFEATED. Pullman Strike What caused the strike? PULLMAN LAID OFF WORKERS AND CUT THE WAGES OF THOSE THAT REMAINED Was the strike successful? NO. THE COURT USED THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT AGAINST WORKERS AND STOPPED THE STRIKE.

15. How the Other Half Lives? By Jacob Riis Why is it so dark in the tenement? SO FEW WINDOWS AND NO ELECTRICITY 2.) Where do the people get their water? FIRE HYDRANT 3.) Why does Riis show a difference between the poor people in the tenements and paupers? THE POOR IN THE TENEMENTS ARE TRYING TO MAKE A BETTER LIFE FOR THEMSELVES BUT IT’S ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE GIVEN THE CONDITIONS THEY’RE IN.

16. Click on the following link to watch part of a video clip on Jacob Riis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- nac62E1Zmk&list=PL1BA7FEF1361D4E61 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- nac62E1Zmk&list=PL1BA7FEF1361D4E61 The video is about 7 minutes long and will describe life in the cities during this time period

17. What problems are caused by urbanization? Many problems including diseases, polluted water, poverty, homelessness, overcrowding

18. 1) What were the living conditions like in the tenements? DARK, DIRTY, RUN- DOWN, CROWDED, LACK OF LIGHT, SMELLY, UNSAFE

19. Question #2- Multiple Choice answer: ??? CHOICE 2 1.) How did industrialization affect urbanization? PEOPLE MOVED FROM THE FARMS TO THE CITIES FOR FACTORY JOBS

20. Read the text: The environmental problem was not serious or widespread until the eighteenth century and early part of the nineteenth century. This period in history is called the Industrial Revolution, which began in England and spread to other European countries and the United States. The main feature of the Industrial Revolution was the development of factories and overcrowding with factory workers in cities. At that time coal was the prime energy fuel to power most of the factories and to heat most of the homes in the cities. Because of the burning of coal, the air over such industrial cities as London became filled with huge amounts of smoke and soot containing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. An additional problem was poor sanitation facilities, which allowed raw sewage to get into water supplies in some cities. The polluted water caused typhoid fever and other diseases. In the early 1900’s, air pollution in industrial cities in the United States became a particularly serious problem.

21. When did environmental problems become serious? 18 TH AND 19 TH CENTURY What caused these problems? OVERCROWDING WITH FACTORY WORKERS IN CITIES. COAL, How did this affect cities? HUGE AMOUNTS OF SMOKE AND SOOT CONTAINING SULFUR DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN DIOXIDE. POOR SANITATION FACILITIES, WHICH ALLOWED RAW SEWAGE TO GET INTO WATER SUPPLIES What different types of pollution were there and what problems did these different types of pollution cause? AIR POLLUTION, WATER POLLUTION TYPHOID FEVER AND OTHER DISEASES What was to blame for this pollution? FACTORIES

22. Watch this clip from the Story of US http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_8V1mIF3rQ&list =PL1BA7FEF1361D4E61 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_8V1mIF3rQ&list =PL1BA7FEF1361D4E61 This clip will tell you all about the building of the modern city with Carnegie Steal And if you still have time… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpq9jPmvDW4&li st=PL1BA7FEF1361D4E61 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpq9jPmvDW4&li st=PL1BA7FEF1361D4E61 Watch this clip about City workers