1. August 25, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 8 Key Issue 4 Why Has Terrorism Increased?

2. August 25, 2015S. Mathews2 Terrorism The systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or coerce a government into granting its demands. Considered necessary to bring publicity to goals and grievances not otherwise addressed.

3. August 25, 2015S. Mathews3 Terrorism Defined  The term “terror” is from the Latin “to frighten.”  Victims of terrorism are a cross section of citizens who happen to be there at the time.

4. August 25, 2015S. Mathews4 Terrorism by Individuals and Organizations It took the attack on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11,2001. for most Americans to feel threatened by terrorism.

5. August 25, 2015S. Mathews5 September 11, 2001

6. August 25, 2015S. Mathews6 American Terrorists  Theodore J. Kazynski (the Unabomber) killed 3 and injured 23 with bombs in the mail over a 17 year period.  Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols blew up the Oklahoma City Federal Building.

7. August 25, 2015S. Mathews7 Oklahoma City Memorial

8. August 25, 2015S. Mathews8 Al-Qaeda  Responsible for the 9-11 attack.  Network of terrorist founded by Osama bin Laden.  According to current military authorities in Iraq, the Al-Qaeda in Iraq has little connection to that of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

9. August 25, 2015S. Mathews9 Al-Qaeda Cell Members  Responsible for reconnaissance.  Live in ordinary society.  No direct contact with each other.  If caught, cannot identify each other.

10. August 25, 2015S. Mathews10 Osama bin Laden One of about 50 children of Mohammed bin Laden, whose close connections to the Saudi Royal family made him a billionaire.

11. August 25, 2015S. Mathews11 Osama bin Laden  Moved to Afghanistan to fight against Soviet army in mid-1980s.  Returned to Saudi Arabia in 1989, and expelled in 1991.  Moved to Sudan and expelled in 1994.  Returned to Afghanistan as a guest of the Taliban.

12. August 25, 2015S. Mathews12 Fatwa A religious decree. Bin Laden issued a declaration of war against the United States in 1996. Issued a Fatwa in 1998 against the U.S because they are responsible for maintaining the Saudi monarchy and Israel.

13. August 25, 2015S. Mathews13 State Support for Terrorism  Providing sanctuary for terrorists wanted by other countries.  Supplying weapons, money, and intelligence to terrorists.  Planning attacks using terrorists.

14. August 25, 2015S. Mathews14 Colonel Muammar al- Qaddafi After deposing the King of Libya in 1969, he has provided terrorists with financial aid to kill his opponents living in exile in Europe. The 1988 destruction of a Pan Am flight over Lockerbie, Scotland was conducted by Libyan agents.

15. August 25, 2015S. Mathews15 Afghanistan  After 10 years of fighting, the Soviet Union ended occupation and withdrew their troops.  The Taliban gained control.  In 2001, the U.S. invaded and removed the Taliban after the World Trade Center attack.

16. August 25, 2015S. Mathews16 The Gulf War  In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait to get control of the oil fields.  The U.S. led a multination invasion and forced Iraq out of Kuwait.

17. August 25, 2015S. Mathews17 The Iraq War of 2003  The United States invaded Iraq without the support of many of its allies.  The expected to find weapons of mass destruction.  Saddam Hussein was captured, tried, and executed.

18. August 25, 2015S. Mathews18 Iran  In 1979, the U.S. supported Shah was forced to abdicate by fundamentalist Shiite Muslims.  Militant supporters of the Ayatollah Khomeini seized the U.S. embassy and held 62 Americans hostage for over a year.

19. August 25, 2015S. Mathews19 Ayatollah Khomeini Fundamentalist Shiite leader who declared Iran to be an Islamic Republic.

20. August 25, 2015S. Mathews20 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

21. August 25, 2015S. Mathews21 Iran and Iraq  Fought a war between 1980 and 1988 over control of the Shatt al-Arab waterway.  1.5 million died in the war.  The U.S. supported Saddam Hussein in its struggle against Iran.

22. August 25, 2015S. Mathews22 U.S. War on Terrorism  Five years of occupation in Iraq.  Isolation of Iran and Syria due to suspicion aid to insurgency in Iraq.  Yemen, Sudan, North Korea on list of terrorist states.