1. GEOGRAPHY

2. GEOGRAPHY OF

3. –RUSSIA

4. GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

5. GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

6. GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

7. GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

8. GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

9. GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

10. GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA

11. GEOGRAPHY OF –RUSSIA l 5 THEMES

12. LOCATION EXACT 40 * E. - 170 * W. LONG

13. LOCATION

14. LOCATION EXACT 40 * E. - 170 * W. LONG 81 * N. - 35 * N. LAT l WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

15. LOCATION

16. LOCATION: RELATIVE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE EASTERN HEMISPHERE tiny bit of Western Hemisphere

17. LOCATION

18. LOCATION

19. LOCATION RELATIVE l CONTINENTS: EUROPE AND ASIA l NEIGHBORS:CHINA, MONGOLIA, AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, TURKEY, EASTERN EUROPE AND FINLAND l OCEANS: ARCTIC AND PACIFIC

20. LOCATION RELATIVE l ONE OF ONLY TWO “EURASIAN” NATIONS l ASIATIC RUSSIA CALLED “SIBERIA”

21. ASIA EUROPE URAL MTs.

22. SIBERIA

23. PLACE SIZE l COVERS 1/6 OF THE WORLD’S SURFACE l CROSSES 11 OF 24 TIME ZONES l GIANT AMONG THE “GIGANTICS” l LARGEST OF 8 LARGEST COUNTRIES l OVER 8 MILLION SQ. MI. l LARGEST “LAKE”: CASPIAN SEA

24. PLACE SIZE l LARGEST NATION IN WORLD l 6000 miles E-W l 2 X SIZE OF CANADA (#2) l LARGEST FOREST l LARGEST PLAIN l DEEPEST LAKE (BAiKAl) l LONGEST COASTLINE l MOST NEIGHBORS l EUROPEs LONGEST RIVER: VOLGA

25. PLACE CLIMATE 4 FACTORS DETERMINE CLIMATE

26. PLACE CLIMATE DISTANCE FROM EQUATOR : l LATITUDE l FAR NORTH OF EQUATOR: LITTLE DIRECT SUNLIGHT l AREAS NORTH OF ARCTIC CIRCLE EXPERIENCE POLAR NIGHT l 6 MONTHS DAY / NIGHT l PERMAFROST OR PERMANENTLY FROZEN GROUND

27. EQUATOR Tropic of Cancer Arctic Circle

28. PLACE CLIMATE l WINDS: l COLD ARCTIC WINDS WHIP ACROSS TUNDRA l WARM SOUTHERN WINDS NEVER REACH RUSSIA

30. PLACE CLIMATE l MOUNTAIN BARRIERS l WARM SOUTHERN WINDS OFF INDIAN OCEAN ARE BLOCKED BY HIMALAYAS l NO NORTHERN MOUNTAINS BLOCK ARCTIC WINDS

32. PLACE CLIMATE l DISTANCE FROM OCEANS l MOST OF LAND IS FAR FROM WATER BODIES l MOISTURE FROM OCEANS CANNOT REACH INTERIOR

34. CLIMATE IS CONTINENTAL l TEMPERATURE EXTREMES: l TEMPS. RANGE 130*- -50* l HAVE 4 SEASONS, VARIED LENGTH l FAR FROM LARGE BODIES OF WATER l WATER MODERATES TEMP. l...NO WATER, NO MODERATING EFFECT l HENCE: TEMP. EXTREMES

35. Bitter cold Mediterranean Moderate Temperature extremes

36. CLIMATE IS CONTINENTAL l PRECIPITATION: l RUSSIA IS ONE OF WORLDS DRIEST COUNTRIES l MOST OF IT IS FAR FROM WATER BODIES l MOISTURE CARRYING CLOUDS CANNOT REACH INTERIOR

37. Semi Arid Arid

38. REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l FIVE CLIMATIC - VEGETATION ZONES l LAY IN BANDS EAST TO WEST l HAVE DISTINCT FLORA AND FAUNA l CLIMATE AND TOPOGRAPHY ARE UNIQUE TO EACH AREA

39. TUNDRA Tundra Taiga Steppe Desert Mediterranean

40. TUNDRA

41. REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l TUNDRA l BORDERS ARCTIC OCEAN l REINDEER, ARCTIC HARES, FOXES, WOLVES, POLAR BEARS l NATIVE TRIBES - NOMADIC HERDERS l LOW HARDY GRASSES, MOSSES l PERMAFROST AND POLAR NIGHT l 4 SEASONS: ALL SHORT, BUT WINTER LONG, HARSH

42. TAIGA

43. REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l TAIGA l FOREST ZONE l CONTAINS 1/4 OF WORLDS HARDWOOD l MOST TREES ARE BROADLEAF AND NEEDLELEAF l HARDWOODS AND PINES

44. STEPPE

45. REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l STEPPE l COVERS GREAT PLAIN l MASSIVE GRASSLAND l RICH BLACK SOIL: CHERNOZEM l WHEAT MAJOR CROP l RUSSIA’S BREADBASKET

46. DESERT

47. REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l DESERT l HOT, DRY, BARREN l WITH IRRIGATION, DESERT HAS BECOME PRODUCTIVE l GROW COTTON OTHER CROPS

48. MEDITERRANEAN

49. REGIONS TOPOGRAPHY l MEDITERRANEAN l VACATION AREA l RIMS THE BLACK SEA l LONG HOT DRY SUMMERS l SHORT MOIST WINTERS l GROW CITRUS FRUITS l MUCH LIKE SOUTHERN CALIF.

50. RUSSIA

51. RUSSIA and the Republics

52. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY l PERMAFROST: burial, home building, oil pipelines, sewerage lines, highways l POLAR NIGHT: crime rate, suicide rate, transportation, foods, schools, entertainment, birth rate l TUNDRA: nomadic( follow animals), herd reindeer, no wooden homes.

53. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY l TAIGA: big log houses, wood crafts, logging, timbering l STEPPE: herding, farming>chernozem “breadbasket” l DESERT: grazing, with irrigation> farming l MEDITERRANEAN: vacationing, citrus fruits, other crops

54. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY l MOUNTAINS: mining, farming l COASTAL LOWLANDS: farming, fishing, trading l FRESH / SALT LAKES: trading,fishing, harvesting salt l RIVERS: early inhabitants followed rivers, trade followed rivers, cities built along rivers

55. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY TOPOGRAPHY l LANDFORMS GREAT PLAIN: l GREAT GRASSLAND 6000 MI E-W l TRANSPORTATION EASY l NO NATURAL BARRIERS l HISTORIC INVASIONS FROM EAST AND WEST

56. RUSSIA and the Republics Great Plain

57. TOPOGRAPHY l MOUNTAINS l URALS: OLD, ERODED. SEPARATE EUROPE /ASIA. RESOURCE RICH l HIMALAYAS: HIGH, RUGGED. FORM SOUTHERN BARRIER. (PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL) l CAUCASUS: RUGGED RIDGE BETWEEN BLACK AND CASPIAN, GERIATRIC MIRACLE

58. RUSSIA and the Republics Urals Himalayas Caucasus

59. TOPOGRAPHY l COASTLINE l IN FAR NORTH, FROZEN MOST OF YEAR l VIRTUALLY UNUSABLE l ICEBREAKERS NEEDED TO KEEP PORTS OPEN l MURMANSK ONLY ICE FREE PORT ON ARCTIC l HISTORIC SEARCH FOR “WARM WATER PORT”

60. RUSSIA and the Republics Arctic Pacific Black Baltic Caspian

61. RUSSIA and the Republics

62. TOPOGRAPHY l DESERTS l ONE OF WORLDS DRIEST NATIONS l RESULTS IN SPARCE POPULATIONS l NOMADIC HERDING l FARMING WITH IRRIGATION

63. RUSSIA and the Republics

64. TOPOGRAPHY l WATERFORMS l OCEANS: ARCTIC, PACIFIC l CASPIAN SEA: SALT LAKE l ARAL SEA: SALT LAKE l LAKE BAIKAL: OVER 1 MILE DEEP l LAKE BALKASH: 2 ND MAJOR LAKE l BLACK SEA: BORDERS IRAN; VIEWED AS THEIR PRIVATE LAKE

65. RUSSIA and the Republics Arctic PacificPacific CASPIAN ARAL LAKE BALKASH LAKE BAIKAL BLACK

66. TOPOGRAPHY l RIVERS l EUROPEAN RIVERS l VALUABLE TRANSPORTATION LINKS: PEOPLE, GOODS, TIMBER l VOLGA LONGEST IN EUROPE l WITH CANALS, LINK MAJOR CITIES l PROVIDE HYDROELECTRIC POWER ( GOLDEN EYE)

67. TOPOGRAPHY l SIBERIAN RIVERS l MOST ARE UNUSABLE l FROZEN MUCH OF YEAR l MOST FLOW NORTHWARD l TOO SHALLOW

68. RUSSIA and the Republics Volga Ural Dvina Ob Lena Yenesi Kolyma

69. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CITIES l MOSCOW: CAPITAL l KIEV, ST. PETERSBURG: OLD CAPITALS l MURMANSK l ARKANGEL l SMOLENSK l VLADIVOSTOK l NOVOSIBIRSK l IRKUTSK

70. RUSSIA and the Republics MOSCOW KIEV ST. PETERSBURG Arkangel Murmansk Novosibirsk Irkutsk Smolensk Vladavostok

76. RUSSIA

77. RUSSIA

78. RUSSIA

79. RUSSIA

80. RUSSIA

81. GROWTH OF RUSSIA: LATER

84. RUSSIA