1. The Colonies Develop North and South go different ways

2. England treats its colonies differently As long as the colonies continue to pay taxes and remain faithful to the crown, England overlooks some of the freedoms they develop.

3. England is happy with its relationship Mercantilism- policy adopted by European countries which looked at trade, colonies and wealth as a basis for a country’s military and political strength. Role of the colonies- provide raw materials to the mother country and buy their manufactured goods.

4. England limits its Colonies Navigation Acts- passed between 1650- 1673 by England to limit trade by the colonies. 1. Trade to/from colonies could only be carried on English/colonial ships. 2. All imported goods to the colonies had to pass through England. 3. All goods exported from the colonies can only go to England.

5. Is there anything good about the Navigation Acts? Navigation ActsNavigation Acts Positive- New England shipbuilding prospered and all the colonies were protected by the English Navy. Negative- Colonial trade was limited and they paid high prices on goods and had to sell their stuff cheap. Resentment- the colonies were angry by their treatment and started smuggling in goods from the French, Spanish and Dutch.

6. Let’s make the Colonies even angrier Dominion of New England- In 1685, King James creates the Dominion of New England. Size- land from southern Maine to New Jersey united into one colony Ruler- to make colony more obedient, Dominion placed under single ruler Governor Sir Edmund Andros antagonizes the colonists

7. The Economy of the South Agriculture- fertile soil shifts the direction of southern colonies. Plantation System- southern farmers focus on cash crops (rice, indigo and tobacco) which they ship directly to England. 1. Impact- The systems produce everything the plantations needs which limits the development of industry and stores. No Industries- Only two cities Savannah and Charleston, small compared to their northern cousins. Savannah CharlestonSavannah Charleston

8. The South Continued ….. The South Continued ….. Plantation Farmers- are not the majority but they control the government and are the wealthiest people in southern colonies. Education- not valued by the farmers most are uneducated and do not see the need for anything beyond farm knowledge.

9. Slavery in the America’s Slavery- becomes a necessary part of southern life as plantations develop and the need for labor increases. Reasons for Slavery- Native Americans begin to rebel and run away from the colonist.

10. Slavery.. Triangle Trade- trade between Europe, Africa and the America’s. Europe- manufactured goods Africa- slaves America’s- raw materials Middle Passage- the 90-120 day voyage all slaves endured from Africa to the America’s

11. Life of a Slave Slave Families- split and broken. Children usually sold separately from parents. ► Plantation Jobs- 80–90% of slaves work in fields; 10–20% work in house or as artisans ► Slaves work full-time from age 12 until death.

12. Resistance and Rebellion Stono Rebellion 1739- planter families killed, militia defeats slaves Colonists tighten slave laws, but slave rebellions continue Slaves resist subservient position, try to escape

13. New England Industry develops- with little farmland most colonists look to the seas for their wealth. Industries- fishing, shipbuilding, trade and rum distilling Cities- develop to facilitate trade and travel. Boston and Providence.

14. Middle Colonies Urban Development- New York and Philadelphia. Merchants- become the key leaders and promote manufacturing and trade. Population- very diverse, come from all over Europe and bring a variety of professions. Slavery- much smaller number but still exists. Slaves rebelled but had greater rights in the north than the south.

15. Education in the North Education- highly valued in the north so that people could read the Bible. This leads to the development of grammar schools and colleges. First College- Harvard is founded in 1636 as a school for religious studies. Most of the colleges founded would become the Ivy League Universities of the 20 th century.

16. Colonial Government Colonial Government Structure- a. Governor- had extensive power but could not use it, salary paid by the assembly. b. Representative Assemblies- consisting of two houses.

17. Representative Assembly ► Lower House- elected by men eligible to vote. They controlled the pay of the Governor. They also approved of any taxes on the colonist. This will lead to rebellion among the colonists as they are use to their representatives approving of any taxes on the people ► Upper House- chosen by the king

18. Problems with the System Colonist Views- they see government in two stages a. Crown and Parliament- controls the Empire b. Legislative Assembly- controlled the affairs of the colonies Britain’s Views- they see only one system in which the Crown and Parliament are supreme in everything.

19. Voting Rights Eligible to Vote- by the 18 th century all men could vote as long as they owned land. Forbidden to Vote- White Women, Poor White men, Slaves of both sexes, freed Africans

20. The Great Awakening Great Awakening- religious movement of the 1730’s and 1740’s. It is different because of its passion. Jonathan Edwards- new style of preacher he says God is angry with sinners but you can be saved by his grace. George Whitfield- he ignites the Great Awakening and preached up and down the colonies. Only if you believed in Jesus Christ as your savior could you be saved, everyone else goes to hell.

21. Impact of the Great Awakening 1. People studied the bible at home, church leaders lose power 2. Baptist and Methodist churches explode with Africans, European and Native American followers 3. People start to wonder of they don’t need a higher authority to make religious decision maybe they don’t need the rich or a king to make political decisions.