1. Geography, Exploring the Past, and the Expansion and Fall of Rome – Test Study Guide
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2. 1) What is a republican form of government?
A government in which the people choose a leader

3. 2) What leader gave himself the title Augustus, after he took power?
Octavian

4. 3) What is an empire?
A group of different territories or cultures led by one leader

5. 4) What is the name of the leader who divided Rome into east and west?
Diocletian

6. 5) Who was Clovis and what did he do?
Leader of the Franks, conquered the Roman province of Gaul

7. 6) List four things that led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire and describe why they made Rome Fall.
Political Corruption – politicians were more interested in their own financial gain or success – they did not put the interest of Rome first. This political corruption made Rome fall because without good leadership, Rome’s political system failed and the people lost trust in their government and lost faith in Rome.

8. 6) List four things that led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire and describe why they made Rome Fall.
Invasions – Germanic tribes, Slavs, Huns, Visigoths, and other groups attacked and invaded the Roman Empire. This weakened the empire because the army was not able to stop the invaders and Rome lost territory and power.

9. 6) List four things that led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire and describe why they made Rome Fall.
Disloyal Army – soldiers grew disinterested in the Roman military and began to follow other leaders. This lack of loyalty caused Rome to fall because the military lost its strength and was not able to defend Rome from invading armies

10. 6) List four things that led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire and describe why they made Rome Fall.
Economic Decline – Rome’s declining army stopped them from conquering new territory and therefore they were unable to collect as much money in taxes from the new Roman territories. To compensate, Rome taxed the Roman citizens heavily and this made Rome fall because the people were poor, disheartened, and hungry.

11. 7) Who was the capital of the Byzantine Empire named after?
Constantine – the capital was called Constantinople

12. 8) What was the Justinian Code?
A code of laws to regulate life in the Byzantine Empire

13. 9) What is a schism?
A split or separation

14. 10) Who was the top leader in the Roman Catholic Church?
the Pope

15. 11) List 2 reasons for the Great Schism, between the Roman Catholic Church & the Eastern Orthodox Church?
In the Roman Church the Pope wanted authority over the emperor and in the Eastern Orthodox Church the emperor wanted authority over the church – this disagreement caused a split or schism.
The Eastern Orthodox Church did not want people to use icons. They considered icons, false gods and the Roman Catholic Church approved of the use of icons.

16. 12) What is a mosaic?
A picture made out of small colored tiles or glass.

17. 13) Describe the philosophy of Stoicism:
Stoicism was developed by the Greek philosopher – Zeno. The philosophy stresses the importance of virtue, duty, and endurance in life. This allows one to be clear thinking, levelheaded and unbiased. In practice it is designed to empower an individual with virtue and strength and to give an individual the ability to readily refuse corruption, temptation, and help those who are in need.

18. 14) What emperor led Rome in the era known as the Pax Romana?
Augustus

19. 15) What did Constantine do to help the Christians?
He declared an end to all attacks on Christians in the Byzantine Empire

20. 16) What year do most historians use to mark the fall of the Western Roman Empire ?
476 CE (AD)

21. 17) What other ancient culture greatly influenced Roman culture, architecture, and ideas ?
Greece

22. 18) Who was allowed to vote in the Roman Republic?
All men born free

23. 19) Why was the location of the Byzantine Empire beneficial for trading ?
The Byzantine Empire was located between Europe, Africa and Asia and was a “crossroads” of trade.

24. 20) Why did Romans build aqueducts?
Romans built aqueducts to bring fresh water to the cities and towns

25. 21) Name four groups that invaded the Roman Empire:
Huns
Germanic tribes
Slavs
Visigoths

26. 22) Why did Rome change from a republic to an empire?
Julius Caesar (a powerful man) named himself sole ruler and the republic ended.

27. 23) Describe two influences of Roman culture that can still be seen today:
Architecture – arches, vaults, aqueducts, and roads
Government – system of laws that stressed fairness and common sense – equal treatment under the law and innocent until proven guilty

28. 24) A way of representing Earth’s curved surface on a flat map.
projection

29. 25) A map that shows features of the earths surface that humans created.
Political map

30. 26) A naturally formed feature on the Earth’s land surface.
landform

31. 27) A person who studies and interprets the past.
historian

32. 28) A human made object.
Artifact

33. 29) A work produced about a historical event by someone who was not actually there.
secondary source

34. 30) A measure of distance north and south of the equator.
latitude

35. 31) The condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.
weather

36. 32) A way of life shared by a group of people.
culture

37. 33) A map that focuses on a specific type of information.
thematic map

38. 34) The study of humans and human cultures.
anthropology

39. 35) The pattern of weather conditions in a certain location over a long period of time.
climate

40. 36) A map that shows landforms and bodies of water.
physical map

41. 37) A document or artifact created during a particular historical period.
primary source
cats

42. 38) The recovery and study of physical evidence from the past.
archaeology

43. 39) An unwritten verbal account of events.
oral history

44. 40) The process of digging up historically significant objects for the purpose of study.
excavation

45. 41) The study of the Earth’s surface.
geography

46. 42) The measure of distance east or west of the prime meridian.
longitude

47. 43) One of the largest seven land masses of Earth.
continent

48. 44) Either of two equal halves of Earth, marked by the equator and the prime meridian.
hemisphere

49. 45) The study of past events.
history

50. 46) The skills and methods used in the making of maps.
cartography

51. 47) What continent would you be in if you went to the coordinates 60˚N, 120 ˚W?
North America W E S

52. 48) What ocean would you be in if you went to the coordinates 90˚N, 60 ˚E?
Arctic Ocean W E S

53. 49) Which line of longitude runs through South America?
60˚WEST S

54. 50) What ocean would you be in if you went to the coordinates 0˚, 30˚ W ?
Atlantic Ocean W E S

55. TEST INFORMATION Test will be 58 points and will contain.....
a multiple choice section about the rise and expansion of Rome
a matching section using the “Geography of the World and Discovering the Past” vocabulary
a multiple choice map skills section on continents, oceans, and longitude and latitude
a open response section where you will have to write in complete sentences about the Fall of Rome
an extra credit section with five questions about Ancient History - (You can go on SharePoint to access the Ancient History questions and answers.)

56. Study Tips
Try not to save all your studying for the night before the test. Study a few days before and then review the information the night before.
Have a friend or parent ask you the questions on this Study Guide and see if you can answer the questions without looking. If you are studying by yourself, look at the questions and cover the answers.
If you have extra time, go through the assignments in your unit packet and read over the questions and answers. Look at the “Understanding Timelines and Dates” assignment, and check out the Ancient History questions on SharePoint; they will help on the extra credit!

57. Test Taking Tips
On the day of the test LISTEN to the teacher’s directions (that’s me!!!) before the test!
Read the directions on the test carefully!
When answering multiple choice questions, read the questions and answer choices to find the best answer. You may see two answers that you think are correct. One of them is “better” than the other.
When you are asked to answer a question using complete sentences, make sure they are “complete” complete sentences. You should restate part of the question in your answer and then give as many details as you can to support your answer.
You should always go back and check your work after you finish the test. Silly mistakes can be avoided if you read the questions carefully and don’t rush.

58. Study, study, study!!