2.  United Nations- formed near end of WWII as a body of nations to prevent future global wars.  What organization had been formed at the end of WWI to prevent global war?

3.  The Nuremburg Trials – held former Axis leaders accountable for their actions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsOpcMFkr Fs Primary document activity – write your responses on a separate sheet of paper.

4.  Tokyo Trials  A tribunal was gathered to try the leaders of the empire of Japan for their war crimes

5. As the war-torn nations of Europe faced famine and economic crisis in the wake of World War II, the United States proposed to rebuild the continent in the interest of political stability and a healthy world economy. On June 5, 1947, in a commencement address at Harvard University, Secretary of State George C. Marshall first called for American assistance in restoring the economic infrastructure of Europe. Western Europe responded favorably, and the Truman administration proposed legislation. The resulting Economic Cooperation Act of 1948 restored European agricultural and industrial productivity. Credited with preventing famine and political chaos, the plan later earned General Marshall a Nobel Peace Prize.

6.  United States proposed to rebuild the continent for political stability/healthy world economy.  Secretary of State George C. Marshall first called for American assistance in restoring the economic stability of Europe.  http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=lUd2W6aM ng4 http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=lUd2W6aM ng4

7. MacArthur arrived at Atsugi Air Base near Yokohama on Aug. 30, 1945, ready to put his imprint on postwar Japan. (U.S. Army Photo) President Harry S. Truman tapped MacArthur to oversee the occupation, rebuilding and democratization of Japan.

8.  Occupied by American forces  Adopted democratic form of government  Resumed self-government  Ally of U.S. Douglas MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito.

9.  Germany and its capital Berlin were divided into four parts to be controlled by Great Britain, the United States, France and the Soviet Union.  The three western Allies and the Soviet Union disagreed on many things and as time went on Germany was divided into two separate countries East (Communist) West (Democratic) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT0YgjwEQjw

11.  Post War Germany  economy lay in shambles  war destroyed 20% of housing  Very low food production  Large percentage of working age men were dead ** Germany was in terrible shape, but twenty years later its economy was envied by most of the world. And less than ten years after the war people already were talking about the German economic miracle (don’t write)

12.  The two main factors: 1. were currency reform and the elimination of PRICE CONTROLS - Adolf Hitler had imposed price controls on the German people in 1936 so that his government could buy war materials at artificially low prices. PRICE CONTROLS 2. reduction of MARGINAL TAX RATES - tax collectors claim a medium share of a growing economy (a low marginal tax) rather than trying to extract a large share of a stagnant economy (a high average tax). MARGINAL TAX RATES

13.  In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations CharterUnited Nations Conference on International Organization United Nations Charter  The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries Video!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cqw8- ongtY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cqw8- ongtY

14.  In 1946, the UN established the United Nations International Children's Fund Emergency Fund (UNICEF)  Purpose: to provide relief for the suffering children in war-devastated Europe  In 1948, the UN established The World Health Organization ( WHO )  Purpose: concerned with international public health.

15.  World Bank’s purpose: initially helped rebuild Europe after the war.  Its first loan of $250 million was to France in 1947 for post-war reconstruction.  IMF’s Purpose: stabilize exchange rates and assist the reconstruction of the world’s international payment system after WWII