1. E UROPE /R USSIA R EVIEW S HEET NCHS

2. E UROPE P HYSICAL G EOGRAP HY 1. What countries lie on: Scandinavian Peninsula:Norway and Sweden Jutland Peninsula: Denmark and Germany Iberian Peninsula: Spain and Portugal Italian Peninsula: Italy Balkan Peninsula: Greece

3. E UROPE P HYSICAL G EOGRAP HY 2. What do all the islands of Europe depend on? Trade 3. What mountain range goes through France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the Balkan Peninsula? Alps 4. What is the most fertile agricultural region in the world? Northern European Plain 5. What are the four major religions of Europe? Protestant, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Islam

4. E UROPE P HYSICAL G EOGRAP HY 6. What are the two main climate regions of Europe? Humid Continental and Marine West Coast 7. How many time zones does Russia have? 11 8. What is chernozem? Rich black topsoil of the Northern European Plain 9. What physical feature dominates Russia’s far East? Volcanoes

5. E UROPE P HYSICAL G EOGRAP HY 10. What is the longest river in Europe? Volga 11. What is the largest inland sea in the world? Caspian Sea 12. What is happening to the Aral Sea? Why? Shrinking because of diversion of rivers for irrigation of cotton 13. What is special about Lake Baikal? Deepest lake in the world, oldest lake in the world, 1200 unique species (endemic), mud is 5 miles thick, holds 20% of the world’s freshwater

6. R USSIA R ECAP 14. What year did the Russian Revolution take place? 1917 (Bolshevik) 15. What was the full name of the Soviet Union? Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 16. What imaginary “item” surrounded the Soviet Bloc countries? Iron Curtain 17. What was the Cold War? Power struggle between the Soviet Union and US 18. When did the Cold War take place? 1945- 1990 19. Who were the key leaders that helped push the Soviet Union to change? Reagan and Gorbachev

7. E UROPE /R USSIA V OCABULARY 20. Fjord- Deep sided glacial valley filled with sea water 21. Peat-decomposing plant matter used for fuel 22. North Atlantic Drift- Warm water current from tropics keeping northern European ports thawed out in winter 23. Polder- Land reclaimed from the sea 24. Seaworks- Controls the seas destructive power on the earth

8. 25. Terpen- High earthen dams-part of seaworks 26. Crusades-Series of HOLY Wars designed to take the Holy land back from the Muslims 27. Continentality- A regions distance from the moderating influence of the sea 28. Distance Decay- the concept that increasing distances b/w places tends to reduce the interaction between them

9. E UROPEAN S CAVENGER H UNT What city used Gonolas? Venice Russia Scavenger Hunt 30. How deep is Lake Baikal? 5,800 feet 31. What two rivers flow into the Aral Sea? Syr Darya and Amu Darya 32. What is an exclave? Part of a country that is separate from the main country and surrounded by a foreign country

10. F RANCE R EVEALED 33. When did French women get the right to vote? After WWII

11. W ESTERN E UROPE H ANDOUT 34. What is the Reformation and what was its significance?When the Catholic Church split into Catholic and Protestant. Roman Catholic Church loses power 35. Define Feudalism- Political system in Western Europe when Kings allowed nobles to use their land in exchange for protection 36. What were the effects of industrialism on European Countries? Set up colonies to get raw materials, created rivalries 37. Define Holocaust- Mass murder of European Jews and other minorities by Hitler 38. What purpose did the Berlin Wall serve? Separate E/W Berlin

12. N ORTHERN E UROPE 39. What parts of the world did Great Britain have colonies in by 1880s?Americas, Asia, Africa and Oceania 40. How did Great Britain help to shape the modern world? (two things) Representative Government, and Industrial Revolution 41. Describe the Industrial Revolution- Use of coal and iron for machines and industry-leads to empire building

13. I TALY R EVEALED 42. What country is the head of the Catholic Church? Vatican City 43. What type of travel is forbidden in Venice? Car travel 44. What city is Italy’s economic heart? Milan

14. M EDITERRANEAN T IMELINE 45. When was Rome founded? 753 BC When did it spilt? Split in 395 AD 46. What is the Renaissance? Renewed interest in learning and the arts. When was it? 14 th -16 th century 47. What were the Crusades?Series of Wars designed to take the Holy Land back from the Muslims. When were they? 1096 48. When was the Bubonic plague? 1347

15. E ASTERN E UROPE R EADING G UIDE 49. Why did the Soviet Union set up communist governments in Eastern Europe? Protect itself from ivasion 50. Who held on to Eastern Europe after the Roman Empire fell? Byzantine 51. What is Balkanization? The breaking up of countries into small hostile units 52. Who was the leader of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s who led them to more freedom? Gorbachev 53. What type of economy did most of these nations move to after 1989? Market 54. What is anti-Semitism?discrimination against Jews

16. R USSIA R EVEALED 55. What is Siberia? 5 million square miles- characteristic of permafrost 56. What are gulags? Prison camps in USSR 57. What did the Communists do to Christians? Harassed believers, executed priests and destroyed churches 58. How many federal republics does Russia have? 21 59. What physical feature dominates the Kamchatka Peninsula? volcanoes

17. C HERNOBYL 60. What was it? What were the effects of it