1. Evidence Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2013 Model Credit: Tyler Keillor, photograph by Ximena Erickson, from http://blog.everythingdinosaur.co.uk/bloghttp://blog.everythingdinosaur.co.uk/blog

2. Learning objectives Think like a macroevolutionary biologist/paleontologist and reconstruct a community Learn how biologists gather evidence for macroevolutionary processes

3. Break into groups of three. What do your “fossils” tell you? What species live there [and not just the plants]? What’s the climate like? What else can you glean from them? (wash hands after class)

4. Molecular fossil Trace fossil Body fossil Phylogenetics Extant organisms Experiments

5. Derenne et al. Molecular evidence for life in the 3.5 billion year old Warrawoona chert. Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2008) vol. 272 (1-2) pp. 476-480

6. Kuypers et al. Massive expansion of marine archaea during a mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event. Science (2001)

7. Hannes Grobe

8. JENSEN. Predation by early Cambrian trilobites on infaunal worms-evidence from the Swedish Mickwitzia Sandstone. Lethaia (1990) Trilobite burrow Worm burrow

9. © (c) CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc.: http://www.canada.com/theprovince/news/story.html?id=5cb0c181-32ff-4663-9bca-d89fcce3a600http://www.canada.com/theprovince/news/story.html?id=5cb0c181-32ff-4663-9bca-d89fcce3a600

10. Currano et al. Sharply increased insect herbivory during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. PNAS (2008)

11. Prasad et al. Dinosaur coprolites and the early evolution of grasses and grazers. Science (2005) vol. 310 (5751) pp. 1177 North Dakota Geological Survey

12. http://abugblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/ants-helping- plants-extrafloral.html Pemberton. Fossil extrafloral nectaries, evidence for the ant-guard antiherbivore defense in an Oligocene Populus. American Journal of Botany (1992)

13. Butterfield. Leanchoilia guts and the interpretation of three-dimensional structures in Burgess Shale-type fossils. Paleobiology (2002)

14. Wilson et al. Predation upon Hatchling Dinosaurs by a New Snake from the Late Cretaceous of India. PLoS Biol (2010) vol. 8 (3) pp. e1000322 EP - Model Credit: Tyler Keillor, photograph by Ximena Erickson, from http://blog.everythingdinosaur.co.uk/blog http://blog.everythingdinosaur.co.uk/blog

15. Barrett and Rayfield. Ecological and evolutionary implications of dinosaur feeding behaviour. Trends Ecol Evol (2006) vol. 21 (4) pp. 217-224

16. H5N1 bird flu: phylogeography & evolution Wallace et al, 2007

17. ©David Cannatella Ryan & Rand, 1995 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5S-RAgudnww

18. http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/ryan/multi_media.html

19. ©David Cannatella Ryan & Rand, 1995 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5S-RAgudnww

20. speciation extinction ~net ~turnover Weir & Schluter, 2007

21. Stickleback species pair from Paxton Lake, British Columbia. Gravid benthic top, gravid limnetic bottom. Photo by Todd Hatfield, taken from http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~schluter/stickleback/stickleback_species_pairs/Stickleback_Species_Pairs.htm

22. Wade. Group selections among laboratory populations of Tribolium. P Natl Acad Sci Usa (1976) vol. 73 (12) pp. 4604 ©Alex Wild, Myrmecos.net

23. Molecular fossil Trace fossil Body fossil Phylogenetics Extant organisms Experiments Molecular fossil Trace fossil Body fossil Phylogenetics Extant organisms Experiments Think of macroevolutionary questions. Which source(s) of evidence would you use to address these?