1. Blazars @ -ray and other frequencies P. Giommi Agenzia Spaziale Italiana

2. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST AGN : Two main categories 1.Dominated by accretion - disk emission - AP-AGN 2.Dominated by Non-Thermal radiation - jet emission - NT-AGN Blazars: NT-AGN viewed at a small angle w.r.t. jet axis Radio Galaxies: NT-AGN viewed at a large angle w.r.t. jet axis Broad-line radio galaxies (e.g. 3c120) : A combination of AP-AGN and mis-directed NT-AGN Blazars and the AGN paradigm

3. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST 3C 279 : a Low energy peaked Blazar (LBL)

4. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST MKN 421 : a High energy peaked BL Lac (HBL)

5. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST

6. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST Stars+Galaxies (black body) AP-AGN (accretion onto SMBH) Radio Galaxies non-thermal emission

7. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST GLAST energy band Courtesy of P. Padovani

8. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST

9. The SED of 3C454.3 and the Swift-BAT lightcurve in May-June 2005. ( Giommi et al. 2006, A&A, 456, 911) The giant flare of 3C454.3 in spring 2005

10. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST A multi-frequency catalog of all known blazars Catalog of confirmed literature blazars. Compiled in support to AGILE and GLAST missions Massaro et al. 2007. Currently covers 0 < R.A. < 16 hrs : 1510 objects > 2000 objects when complete (~ end 2007)

11. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST 194 FSRQs 38 BL Lacs 30 Radio galaxies 15 Steep sp. QSO 2 starburst galaxies 2 planetary nebule 41 unidentified 323 bright sources The large majority of bright WMAP foreground sources are blazars or radio galaxies WMAP CMB fluctuation map Blazars @ -wave frequencies the 3-year WMAP data Bright foreground source catalog Planck will be in a vey similar situation to that of GLAST - LAT (thousands of deteced blazars + contribution to unresolved flux).

12. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST CMB spectrum contamination Giommi & Colafrancesco 2004 A&A 414,7, Giommi et al. 2006 A&A 445, 843

13. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST All microwave selected blazars are X-ray sources. 2007 A&A, 468, 571

14. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST A complete, -wave flux limited sample of blazars Based on WMAP 3-year catalog All sources with F_41 GHz > 1 Jy 166 objects altogether 112 confirmed FSRQ 22 Confirmed BL Lacs 6 confirmed blazars, not clear if FSRQs or BL Lacs 13 radio galaxies 7 still optically unidentified (all with blazar-like SED) Cleaned for source confusion

15. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST A complete, -wave flux limited sample of blazars Preliminary results Best fit slope -1.67 LogN-LogS All blazars

16. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST A complete, -wave flux limited sample of blazars Preliminary results Cosmological evolution FSRQs = 0.65 +/- 0.027 BL Lacs = 0.54 +/- 0.062 M =0.3, =0.7 cosmology

17. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST A complete, -wave flux limited sample of blazars Preliminary results Luminosity function FSRQs

18. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST Swift XRT serendipitous sources in GRBs pointigs : the perfect serendipitous survey ~1 blazar/field expected with radio flux > 10 mJy!

19. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST 209 deep (4x10 4 -6x10 5 seconds) GRB exposures analyzed ~15,500 sources detected with positional uncertainty of 4-6 arscecs. 143 fields are at |bII| > 20 : ~11,500 sources 242 radio/X-ray matches (blazar candidates) Swift XRT serendipitous survey in GRB deep fields status as of end of April 2007

20. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST

21. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST

22. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST GLAST bandpass Blazar contribution to the extragalactic X and -ray background

23. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST

24. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST Max EGRET Min EGRET

25. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST Dark matter-blazar angular power spectrum Ando Komatsu Narumoto & Totani 2007 Astro-ph/0612467, Colafrancesco & Giommi 2007, in preparation. Blazars Dark matter GLAST expected signal

26. XRT data BeppoSAX High energy peaked BL Lacs (HBL) Tramacere et al. 2007, A&A 467, 501 SED of MRK 421 in 2005: large changes in luminosity and peak energy. SED of 1H1100 – 230 observed on 30 June (blue) and 13 July 2005 (red). BeppoSAX 1997 and 1998 data are shown as open symbols. UVOT data

27. High energy peaked BL Lacs (HBL) SED of 1ES 1959+650 (19 April 2005) SED of 1ES 1553+113 observed on 20 April (red), 6 Octobe (blue), and 8 October 2005 (green)

28. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST May 1999 MKN421 in a bright state: the BeppoSAX observation of May 2000 Massaro, Perri, Giommi, Nesci, 2004 A&A

29. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST Log parabolic photon spectra can be explained as due to Synchrotron radiation from a log-parabolic particle distribution (Massaro et al. 2004a A&A 413, 489, 2004b, A&A 422,103) SSC from a log parabolic electron distribution (Massaro et al. 2005, in press)

30. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST

31. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST Massaro et al. 2006 A&A 448,861.

32. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST Giommi et al. 2007A&A 468, 97 ROXA J081009.9+384757.0 is a z = 3.95 Blazar with HBL-like radio/X-ray SED fx/fr ~ 5x10 -11 erg/cm2/s/Jy Recent Swift observations showed that the X-ray luminosity of the QSO is larger than 10 47 erg/s. The SED is consistent with two possibilities 1. New type of blazar 2. Very high power HBL High-power HBLs ? See also IGR J2251+2218, Bassani et al. 2007, submitted INTEGRAL discovered z=3.668 blazar with fx/fr ~ 2x10 10 erg/cm2/s/Jy

33. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST High-power HBLs ! The case of BZB J1456+5048 (Z=0.479) Rosat luminosity ~ 5x10 46 erg/s Rosat SDSS data NVSS SDSS optical spectrum

34. 3 luglio 2007 Astrofisica Gamma dallo Spazio AGILE e GLAST High-power HBLs ! The case of BZB J1456+5048. Swift data. GLAST energy band