1. Animal Kingdom

2. Animals are either Invertebrates (no bones) Vertebrates (have bones)or
Vertebrates (have bones)

3. Kingdom: Animalia What do animals have in common?
They are multicellular
They are eukaryotes
They have no cell walls
and…………………..

4. They are heterotrophs!

5. We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: Invertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 major groups called phyla.

6. Let’s take a look at the major Animal Phyla…
Let’s take a look at the major Animal Phyla…. starting with the simplest to the most complex.
Which animal is the most
complex?
The Human

7. 9 Animal Phyla (from simplest to most complex)
Porifera- sponges
Cnidaria- jellyfish, etc
Platyhelminthes- flatworms
Nematoda- roundworms
Annelida- segmented worms
Mollusca- clams, snails etc.
Arthropoda- jointed legged buggy things
Echinodermata- spiny skinned ocean things
Chordata- animals with bones

8. Phylum: Porifera(Sponges)
All are aquatic
Many cells that live together, few specialized cells
Sessile (Doesn’t move, usually attached to one surface)
They have many openings in their
bodies called pores

9. sexually by exchanging sperm and egg by water currents
Sponges set up water currents to get food and oxygen into their pores. and then to remove wastes.
They reproduce
sexually by exchanging sperm and egg by water currents
filter feeders -animals that eat tiny organic particles from the water

11. Phylum: Cnidarian
Hollow body with stinging tentacles- arm-like extensions with poison barbs.
Live in water (marine-mostly ocean)

12. Hydra (with a bud)
All cnidarians have stinging tentacles with stinging cells called nematocycts

13. Sea Anemone

14. Jellyfish
Jellyfish normally float with ocean currents, but can for short periods of
time move by jet propulsion.

15. Coral, which have created coral reefs over thousands of years
Coral are critically endangered because of human interference and global warming!

16. Cnidarian Body Plans Medusa- motile stage with a bell- shaped body
Polyp- sessile stage in which the tentacles are arm-like
Medusa-
motile
stage
with a
bell-
shaped
body

17. We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: Invertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 major groups called phyla.

18. phylum: Platyhelminthes(Flatworms)
They have soft, flattened bodies
Most are parasitic, but a few are free-living
Parasite- lives in or on another
organism and hurts it

19. An example of a parasitic flatworm is a tapeworm
These worms attach to someone’s intestines and absorb their digested food

20. Flukes are parasitic worms that can infect an animal’s blood or any of its internal organs.

21. A planaria is free-living and is found in streams, eating other animals.
Planaria can reproduce
asexually by a process called
fission.

22. phylum: Nematoda Roundworms
unsegmented with 2 body openings: a mouth and an anus
Many are free-living but some are parasites

24. Hookworm

25. Guinea worm- drinking
contaminated water

26. This roundworm causes elephantiasis

27. Heartworm killed this dog

28. phylum: Annelida These are the segmented worms
Annelida means “little ring”
They have complex body parts, like blood vessels, nerves, excretory organs and respiratory organs.
Most are hermaphrodites which means that they have both male and female reproductive organs in the same worm.

29. Some are free-living like the earthworm
Earthworm’s mating

30. Some are parasitic like the leech
Notice the “rings” or segments

31. We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: Invertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 major groups called phyla.

32. phylum: Mollusca Soft body, some with shell.
Foot- muscle used for movement and feeding.
Mantle- tissue that secretes shell or covers body organs.
Most live in water.
3 Groups...

33. Bivalves- use muscular foot to dig and pull through sand Some “swim” They have 2 shells
Examples: clams, oysters, mussels, scallops

34. Scallops
Mussels
Video

35. Gastropod- one or no shell, most live in the water, but some live on land. They breathe through their skin
snail
slug

36. Cephalopod- “head foot”, most intelligent of the invertebrates, complex eyes, deadly predators
Octopus

37. More cephalopods- the squid

38. phylum: Echinodermata
Spiny skinned
Tube feet- suction cups that allow them to move by attaching to surfaces
Aquatic
Radial symmetry

39. Brittle Star
Sea Cucumber
Starfish
regeneration
Sea Urchin

40. phylum: Arthropod Largest animal phylum
jointed legs and segmented bodies
tough exoskeleton that doesn’t grow
many different appendages (structures attached to the main body)
5 main groups

41. Crustaceans
2 body segments, 10 legs, gills, aquatic

42. They are the crayfish, lobster, crab, shrimp and this newly discovered furry crustacean.

43. Insects- 3 body segments, 6 legs most numerous group of animals on earth.

44. Grasshopper
Stag Beetle
Honeybee
Mosquito

45. Arachnids- 2 body segments and 8 legs, with fangs, many are poisonous
Scorpions
spiders
Ticks

46. All spiders have spinnerets which produce silk.

47. Chilopods- many segments with 2 legs per segment, carnivorous
Centipedes

48. Diplopods- many segments with 4 legs per segment, herbivores
millipede

49. Kingdom Animal:
The remaining animals we will study all belong to the same phylum: Chordata. Most of the animals in this group are called “Vertebrates” because they have an internal skeleton and backbone called a vertebra.

50. Nonvertebrate Chordates- There are two small
groups of animals that do not have backbones.
However they do have the other characteristics
of chordates.
They are body soft-bodied marine animals
Lancelet
Although they seem like simple
animals, fossil evidence indicates
that they are distant relatives of
ours!
Tunicate

51. phylum Chordata Also commonly called “vertebrates”
Have backbone(vertebrae) plus other bones
dorsal, hollow nerve cord which develops into the spinal cord
developed brain and nervous system

52. Jawless fish- skeleton of cartilage, open gills and no jaw.
Here are the 7 Classes of Chordates:
Jawless fish- skeleton of cartilage, open gills and no jaw.
Hagfish
Lamprey

53. Cartilaginous fish- these fish have skeletons of cartilage, open gills, but definitely jaws
Great White Shark
Hammerhead
Shark
Manta Ray

54. Bony Fish -most common of the fish, bony skeleton, gill covers
Parrotfish
Sea Horse
Walleye
Goldfish

55. Amphibians- Adapted to life in wet places. Must
return to water to reproduce. smooth, moist skin.
Ectothermic-like the fish, their body temperature is
controlled by the external environment. “cold-blooded”
Toad
Frog
Salamander
Tadpole

56. Reptiles- scaly skin, ectothermic, lay shelled eggs on land
Komodo Dragon
Painted turtle

57. Tortoise
Crocodile
Rattlesnake
Python

58. Birds- lays eggs on land, feathers
endothermic- body maintains a constant
temperature “warm-blooded”
Egret
Robin
Hummingbird
Some can fly

59. Penguin
Some can’t
fly
Emu
Chicken
Ostrich

60. Mammals- hair or fur, live births, endothermic, produce food for young in mammary glands
Bat
Dugong nursing young
Chipmunk
Giraffe

61. Mammals are most versatile of all animals,
living in all sorts of habitats.

62. Humans are mammals too, belonging in the order: Primates
Humans are mammals too, belonging in the order: Primates. Here are some of our close relatives