1. Distributors in over 50 countries We work as a single company
SKC - A Global Company
SKC is a GLOBAL company
Distributors in over 50 countries
We work as a single company
SKC Ltd UK

2. 1500 BC EBERS PAPYRUS, EGYPTIAN PHYSICIANS RECOGNIZE TOXIC EFFECTS
4TH C BC HIPPOCRATES, BEGINNING OF SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION, ASBESTOS DISEASE RECOGNISED
82 BC LEX CORNELIA MAKES POISONING ILLEGAL
54 AD PLINY THE ELDER, MERCURY REFINERS USE BLADDERS OVER FACE TO PROTECT AGAINST DUST
1473 ELLENBORG, RECOGNIZED CHRONIC LEAD AND MERCURY POISONING
PHILIPUS PARACELSUS, CORRELATED "MINERS DISEASES" WITH METAL FUME
1500s CANARIES INTO THE MINES
CATHERINE DE MEDICI, HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION
1556 AGRICOLA, RECOGNIZED "ASTHMA" AMONG MINERS
1700 RAMAZZINI, RECOGNIZED OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND PRESCRIBED CURES
1775 PERCIVAL POTT, RECOGNIZED SCROTAL CANCER AS A RESULT OF CLEANING CHIMNEYS
1833 FACTORY ACT, ENGLAND LIMITS HOURS OF CHILD LABOUR
1839 GERMANY BANS CHILD LABOUR IN DANGEROUS OCCUPATIONS
1864 ENGLAND'S FACTORY ACT PROVIDES FOR INSPECTION OF FACTORIES
1877 FACTORY INSPECTION IN USA
1884 K.B. LEHMANN, STUDIED TOXIC EFFECTS OF GASES ON ANIMALS
1905 BENZO (a) PYRENE IDENTIFIED AS CARCINOGEN, FIRST CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN
1910 FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES
Time Line

3. Ingestion (uptake) Routes
CONTAMINATION
IN THE AIR
SPILL
BREATHING
SURFACE
SKIN

4. Air Sampling OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE The factory/workplace
Indoor air quality
OUR ENVIRONMENT
Inner cities
Agriculture
Pesticides - herbicides, - fungicides
INDUSTRIAL
Incineration/Waste
Stacks and Ducts
Power generation

5. The amount collected is checked by the laboratory and reported usually
Air Sample
Air is passed through a tube, filter or other collecting media, at a set air flowrate.
The amount collected is checked by the laboratory and reported usually
in mg/m3 or ppm.

6. Air Sample
To have a valid sample with MEANINGFUL results you will need:
to select a relevant sample method
to choose the right media
to set the correct flow rate
to sample for an appropriate time
to analyse the sample accordingly
+ COMMON SENSE!

7. SAMPLING
WHO
WHERE
WHEN
WHAT
HOW
METHOD

8. Personal V Static ALL exposure limits are based on PERSONAL SAMPLES
30 cm Hemisphere around the nose and mouth
ALL exposure limits are based on
PERSONAL SAMPLES
And MUST be taken in the Breathing Zone

9. Aerosol
Types of Contaminant
Dust
Fume
Smoke
SOLID

10. Choosing an Air Sampling Method
EH 40/ UK guidelines lists M.D.H.S. methods
Websites: N.I.O.S.H, O.S.H.A., H.S.E.
Supplier information
Laboratory advice

11. Sources of Methods UK Methods - FREE at:
- MDHS 42/2
- Purchase
HSE books
- Subscription
- SKC Factfiles online
USA methods
methods – ID121/125G.
/7301/7303.

12. Health and Safety Executive
Guidelines appear in MDHS 14/3
For Nickel MDHS
42/2 and 91

13. Sampling for Particulates

14. ISO/CEN Conventions EN481
THORACIC: UPTO 30 MICRONS
RESPIRABLE: UPTO 14 MICRONS

15. 10 mg/m3 Inhalable Dust Affects the whole of the respiratory system
100 micron at 50% cut
Blanket level of…
10 mg/m3
Ni = 0.1 or 0.5.mg/m3.
Per EH40/2005.

16. Inhalable Dust sampling The I.O.M. sampler
Inhalable sampler
Cassette system
All collected dust is measured
Easily handled
No contact with filter
Mimics inhalation by a person
Multi fraction sampling with foam inserts
IOM cassette
Transport clip
IOM sampler
Front Cassette Filter Support O ring Body
cover front grid

17. IOM Cassette IOM Cassette.
Cassette and filter are pre and post weighed as a single unit
1.5000

18. Sample Train Is made up of : Pump Connecting tube Sampler
This should be calibrated to a flow of 2 L/min
SAMPLER
CONNECTING
TUBE
PUMP

19. Calibration To Calibrate Switch on pump Connect sampler to calibrator
Ensure no leaks
Adjust flow to recommended level
Switch off pump

20. Sample train calibration
Calibration in the case of air sampling with active systems, is defined as:
The setting of the air flow through the filter medium, to the recommended level for the method being used.
Flow should be checked before and after EACH sample. (UK MDHS method series)

21. Electronic Calibration
Easy to use
Accurate
Quick results
Not open to misinterpretation
More expensive option

22. Rotameters Cheap option Simple to use Accuracy can vary
Open to misreading
Come as ‘ball’ or ‘float’ reading
FSD

23. Surface and Skin Monitoring
Monitoring the redness, hydration and epidermal waterloss of skin can be a useful measure of exposure
Monitor the surfaces where exposure occurs for cleanliness
Niosh 9102.

24. Ventilation Systems
Regular checks should be made that your ventilation system is working correctly

25. Any Questions?