1. Ripping Up the Rule Book in Formula One Professor Tony Purnell Cambridge University Engineering Department

2. F1 Glossary 20 races Decides the FIA World Drivers Championship

3. Formula One is BIG BIG audience (590m viewers) BIG business GREAT engineering Source www.F1.com

5. Governing F1 is demanding and complex Technical Regulations Sporting Regulations Financial Regulations: Concorde

6. 390KW (520HP) power +30% down-force (ground effect) 300kph top speed (as today) Similar lap time to today 1982 F1 Car

7. 450KW + 120KW (760HP) power +240HP ≈ 30% less down-force ≈ 35% more drag ≈ 300kph top speed Similar lap time to today 2014

8. One design solution today Paint all the cars white and try to tell the difference Today

9. A snap shot – Engine Regulations V6 – prescribed architecture 1.6 litre direct injection 15,000 rpm 120KW (160HP) electric ‘boost’ (ERS) 4MJ of energy release per lap (33s) Single turbo charger Married to a highly restricted drive train Fuel flow rate restricted (100kg/hr max) 4.1 mpg (+10%?), 31% thermal efficiency (?), generally perceived ‘green’

10. Is F1 missing a big opportunity?

11. Ripping up the Rules: Are only three super simple rules needed?

12. 1. Limit the flow of energy to the Power Train Fuel Flow Restriction e.g. 25 mg/s petrol (1.1MJ/s) about 500HP

13. 2. Car to fit in a box Needed only to make sure the cars fit the tracks No dimensional restrictions, no bodywork restrictions, no engine rules, just produce a vehicle that fits...... Anything goes, as long as they are safe...

14. 3. Safety Tests The car must protect a crash test dummy... As today, but confined to the goal, not the solution Might be nice to add a minimum weight for the driver?

15. Unintended Consequences? Probably need to restrict moveable aerodynamic surfaces: Best ban closed loop driving controls: 2015 Rules – Super Restrictive 20XX Rules – Minimalist Tony Utopia Rules – Minimalist

16. Would these three rules work? Too fast? Too slow? Too big a speed discrepancy? Too processional? Too complex? Too risky? Go step by step: Control tyres, gearboxes, etc Go step by step: Control tyres, gearboxes, etc

17. What’s really wrong with this idea?

18. Real-Politik Too Expensive! “The most expensive thing one can do is change the rules” – Ron Dennis

19. F1’s Insoluble Problem 1950 1953 70’s to 90’s

20. Cost ‘When you squeeze with regulations at one end of the sausage, the other just balloons out’ Pat Symonds ‘Formula One engineers will spend as much as they are given’ Ross Brawn (then Technical Director Honda F1)

21. Conclusion (2008) EITHER ✗ Super restrictive rules and multiple standard parts OR ✔ An effectively policed budget cap

22. FOM Media Teams Drivers Sponsors & OEM’s 2009: A Political Football

23. 2010: F1 too expensive for OEM’s

25. Level Playing Field? £1B income – £630M to the teams Now guess who makes the rules? Ferrari 5% of all revenue (£50m) + CCB: Ferrari, Red Bull, McLaren, Mercedes £180M + Historically important: Williams and Mercedes £9m each +£20M to each top ten team 1 st :+£40M............. 10 th +£8M 11 th, 12 th £4m Amounts from: BBC.com/sport/Formula One/Where does all the money go? Disposable teams: Nothing extra

26. Just to compound the problem … Power-train is separate: Everyone Else.... £15M-£20M? Top Teams – Free from OEM sponsor

27. Successful Management

28. How did F1 get here? Concorde: 1981 First edition ‘87, ‘92, ’97, ‘98, ‘09, ’13, ‘20 3 way : FIA, FOM, the Teams

29. Cutting up the Cake FOM’s revenue 20% (£200M) FIA’s revenue 5% (£50M) Remaining 75% equally to 12 teams (£62M) – But £12m goes to pay for Power-train – £144m goes to engine suppliers pro-rata Budget cap to: – this amount (£50m) + – an achievable sponsorship amount for a mid-field team (£25m) =£75m – more than enough given the engine deal Excess income can be taken as profit by owners Last two teams get demoted, not actually, but the owners must sell all shares

30. Descent from La La Land Time to wake up – huge barriers to overcome

31. Dark Clouds

32. The FIA’s choice? X-Factor OROpera? Formula One:

33. The FIA’s choice? X-Factor OROpera? Formula One:

34. Sunny Side up The end of the Ecclestone Era - a slow shift to corporate responsibility? The Delta Wing – Shoestring budget – Massively fuel efficient c.f. F1 – Quick (315kph) yet just 220KW – Light 475kg – Safe Let the engineer’s have at it and this is the sort of thing you’ll get, but better because it’s Formula One

35. Thank you