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Life-Span Development Chapter
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Adolescence: Transition period from childhood to adulthood From puberty (the start of sexual maturation) to independence
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Puberty & Physical Development
The period of sexual maturation where the person becomes capable of reproducing Starts at approximately age 11 in females and age 13 in males Major growth spurt
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Sexual Characteristics
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Primary Sex Characteristics
The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible Reproductive organs Ovaries in females Testes in males
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Secondary Sex Characteristics
Nonreproductive sexual characteristics Breasts and hip development in females Voice quality and facial hair in males
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Early Adulthood Transitions and the Social Clock
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Stages of Adulthood
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Social Clock Culturally (society’s) preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement The “best” timing for certain life events The timing varies from culture to culture.
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Physical Changes and Transitions: Middle Adulthood’s Physical Changes
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Menopause When the menstrual cycle ends
Also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines Usually occurs between age 45 and 55 Does not usually lead to depression
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Physical Changes and Transitions: Later Adulthood’s Physical Changes
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Physical Changes: Vision, Smell, Hearing
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Physical Changes: Hearing
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Physical Changes and Transitions: Diseases Related to Aging
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Alzheimer’s Disease A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally, physical functioning
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Senile Dementia Mental disintegration that accompanies alcoholism, tumor, stroke, aging, and most often, Alzheimer's disease
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Senile Dementia
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Cognitive Changes and Transitions: Memory
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Aging and Memory
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Cognitive Changes and Transitions: Intelligence
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Fluid Intelligence Ability to reason speedily and abstractly
Can be used to solve novel logic problems Declines as people get older
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Crystallized Intelligence
Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills Tends to increase with age
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Age and Verbal/Nonverbal Intelligence
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Social Changes and Transitions
Module 16: Adult and Aging
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Commitment to Love An important factor in adult happiness
Lasting love includes: Intimate self-disclosure Shared emotional and material support Similar interests and values
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Commitment to Children
Children result in a change in the marital relationship Potential disagreement on the division of labor with children
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Empty Nest The change married couples go through as a result of their children leaving home Not necessarily a negative event for couples
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Overall Life Satisfaction
Most studies show the elderly as happy and satisfied with life. People tend to mellow with age. Most regrets focus on what the person didn’t do rather than mistakes they have made in life.
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Overall Life Satisfaction
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Reactions to Death Reactions to death are different from culture to culture. Attitudes toward death and dying are changing in the United States more openness facing death with dignity; hospice helps
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The End
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