1. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 1 NYDIS Training Curriculum Operations Module 1 General Principles

2. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 2 Objectives (1) In this module you will:  Explore all the stages of the disaster continuum  Understand and articulate the definition and purpose of Emotional and Spiritual Care (ESC)  Identify and apply a core intervention that you can use in any phase of any disaster

3. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 3 Objectives (2)  Identify and appreciate the qualities of being an ESC provider, including the religious leader’s identity and role  Understand and demonstrate a general approach to ESC

4. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 4 First Objective: Stages of A Disaster

5. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 5 Question:  What are some current or recent disasters and what stage are they in now?

6. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 6 How Individuals and Communities Are Affected by Disasters

7. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 7 Situational Awareness  Where are you in relation to the event?  Emotionally, spiritually, mentally  What phase is the disaster in when you get there?  What are you going there to do? with whom? for whom? why? where?

8. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 8 Second Objective: Definitions Emotional and Spiritual Care (ESC) is defined as:  Attending to the emotional distress, psychological and spiritual needs, and crisis-in-faith, of trauma- affected persons through the caregiver’s presence, listening, words, crisis intervention and/or referral to professional care. The Salvation Army, p. 36.

9. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 9 Purpose The purpose of Emotional and Spiritual Care:  To help those affected draw upon their own emotional and spiritual resources in the midst of their pain  To help them work through their grief rather than take away their grief Disaster Spiritual Care, Roberts & Ashley, Eds., p. xvii

10. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 10 Getting Started Photo courtesy of FDNY Photo Unit

11. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 11  During the emergency phase, the role of the emotional and spiritual caregiver is to provide acute emotional and spiritual care interventions largely through being present, listening, creating an environment of safety and security, and providing basic chaplaincy services.  The Salvation Army, p. 36. Third Objective: Core Intervention

12. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 12 PCAID (The Salvation Army approach)  Presence  Connect  Assessment  Intervention  Develop ongoing care plan

13. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 13 Presence Requires that you:  Be self-aware  Keep all of your attention on the other person  Listen with your heart and with your mind.

14. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 14 Connect  Emotionally and spiritually  Through your presence and compassion  By establishing relationships of trust

15. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 15 How to Open a Conversation  Introduce yourself and your function  Start with fact/content questions:  What happened?  When did you get here?  What do you need right now?  Is anybody missing?

16. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 16 Guidelines for “Connecting”  Human qualities for connecting  Connecting in practice  Factors which prevent us from connecting The Salvation Army, Appendix 5-A, p. 84

17. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 17 Assessment  Is the person:  Safe  Far enough away from further danger  Are their basic needs being met?  If yes to the above, assess for:  Mental Health  Ability to connect with loved ones and caregivers  Assets and coping abilities  Spiritual reactions and needs. The Salvation Army, p. 79.

18. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 18 Intervention  The basic goal of crisis intervention is to stabilize the system.  Remember Bambi’s mother!!!  “Yes, there’s danger out there”  “ – But you’re safe.”

19. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 19 Intervention  Foundational elements of care:  Being present  Connecting  Being with  Listening  Making appropriate referrals whenever you are in doubt. The Salvation Army, p. 81.

20. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 20 Intervention Guidelines  Don’t rush to fill the space with words  Be aware of the power of a non-anxious, accepting presence to come alongside and walk with another through their pain.  Be aware of the vulnerability of the survivor.  Demonstrate appropriate boundaries. The Salvation Army, p. 76.

21. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 21 Different Interventions for:  Pre-planning/preparedness  Immediate response phase  Short-term recovery  Long-term recovery But the overall PCAID approach will work in each phase of a disaster.

22. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 22 Developing a Plan of Care  Before ending the intervention, ask the survivor what their next steps are:  “What do you need to do next?”  “Is there anyone you need to call?”  “Who will be with you tonight?”

23. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 23  What is not clear about PCAID or the purpose of Emotional and Spiritual Care in a disaster?

24. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 24 Exercise  Look at the following photo.  In groups of 4, follow the PCAID model and identify what you would do in each of those stages if you met this group of individuals after the explosion.  Each group will explain to the larger group how they would develop one of the stages in PCAID.  What did you learn?

25. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 25 Copyright 1995, The Oklahoma Publishing Company Oklahoma City Bombing, April 19, 1995

26. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 26 Guiding Approach  Patience and flexibility  Experience  Putting others first  Monitoring your own health  Staying fit

27. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 27 Fourth Objective: Qualities of ESC Caregivers in Disaster (1)  Are able to lead and to follow  Are familiar with different human reactions to trauma  Can assess ESC needs through observation, intuition, and non- threatening dialogue  Possess good crisis intervention skills

28. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 28 Qualities of ESC Caregivers in Disaster Response (2):  Are able to reach out and connect with genuine compassion  Are emotionally and spiritually mature  Maintain objective and calm presence in chaotic situations  Are “low maintenance,” flexible and adaptable  Are resourceful problem solvers The Salvation Army, p. 31

29. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 29 General Response Principles  Most disaster response is local.  Things happen and move very quickly.  Bad things happen fast.  You cannot control either of these.  Disaster sites are generally a multi- faith and richly diverse spiritual environment.

30. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 30 Disaster Chaplains  ARE a part of the overall response  ARE Secondary and Tertiary Responders  ARE NOT to self-deploy  Have a different identity and role than in a worshiping community  ARE NOT in charge.

31. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 31 Religious Diversity  Every disaster site is going to be a multi- faith environment.  Respect other people’s belief systems.  Unless you ask, you have no idea what their beliefs are.  If these are unfamiliar to you, ask what appropriate behavior would be.  Ask what their spiritual/religious needs are at this time.  Be respectful of what they believe.  Do NOT proselytize.

32. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 32 World Trade Center Recovery Operation Photo courtesy of FDNY Photo Unit

33. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 33 Religious Leaders’ Identity in Disasters  Is different from ‘at home’  Issues:  Not being in charge  Working as part of a team  Multi-faith ‘worshiping community’  Different interventions  Listening & Presence vs. Answers

34. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 34 Disaster ESC “Do’s”  See Attachment C.

35. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 35 Awareness of Limitations  Function as part of a team  Remember reporting chain of command  Don’t overstep your role  Refer often  When in doubt, ask for help

36. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 36 Guiding Principles Throughout  Never inflict ministry on anyone  Help them find and use their own emotional and spiritual resources  Respect the religious diversity you will find  Be a calm, non-anxious presence

37. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 37 Objectives Review (1)  Know all the stages of the disaster continuum  Understand and articulate the definition and purpose of Emotional and Spiritual Care (ESC)  Identify and apply a core intervention that you can use in any phase of any disaster.

38. 1 OPERATIONS MODULE D I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S 38 Objectives Review (2)  Identify and appreciate the qualities of being an ESC Caregiver, including the religious leader’s identity and role  Understand and demonstrate a general approach to ESC.