1. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT IN ADULTHOOD
Human Growth and Development
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT IN ADULTHOOD
Lecture 10

2. Young Adulthood Stages of Development
A biological process which transforms a child into an adult.
Period of sexual maturation
Period of Rapid Growth and Development
Has best physical condition: strong, sharp senses.
Memory and thinking (cognitive) abilities are at their highest.  

3. Physical, Cognitive, Social, and Personality
Desire to be socially independent
Occupation selection
Selecting a life-partner
Starting a family
Accepting responsibilities

4. . Middle Adulthood Stages of Development
Cognitive → shows an average memory loss and a reduced ability to perform tasks requiring speed.
The social and personality development → "mid-life crisis" which heralds the reevaluation of one's life goals
By this point in life, career and family are well established
People feel satisfaction and self-worth, or sense much of life has been wasted

5. . Late Adulthood Stages of Development
Marked by menopause and osteoporosis, a reduction in bone density, less skin elasticity, and a loss of muscle mass resulting in an increase of body fat.
Cognitively→ memory and mobility tends to decrease.
Many people relax, enjoying the fruits of their labour
Children and grandchildren become the focus of attention

6. Physical, Cognitive, Social, and Personality
depression that may go untreated.
a period of readjustment to changes in their body
Retirement
financial status change
loss of a spouse.

7. HEALTH IN LATE ADULTHOOD
Many elderly lead healthy lives
However, aging adults face many possible health changes
Dementias are progressive impairment of mental functioning
Reversible dementias can be caused by malnutrition, alcoholism, and toxins.
Alzheimer’s disease involves memory loss, language deterioration, poor visual/spatial skills, and an indifferent attitude

8. PHYSICAL CHANGES IN ADULTHOOD
Today most people live well into their seventies
Physical development in adulthood is slower than childhood and adolescence, but changes do occur

9. → Eventually, adults must contend with almost inevitable sensory loss
FITNESS CHANGES
→ In general, overall fitness deteriorates gradually from age 30.
SENSORY CHANGES
→ In early adulthood, most sensory abilities remain stable
→ Eventually, adults must contend with almost inevitable sensory loss

10. SEXUAL CHANGES
Sexual desires are sometimes moderated by the stresses of raising a family and other work
For women, menopause occurs around age 50
At about the same age, men’s testosterone levels decrease

11. Theories of Aging
One heredity theory of aging is based on the study of apoptosis, the process by which cells kill themselves
Lifestyle factors affect how long a person will live
It is reasonable to assume external factors such as disease, smoking, and obesity may affect a person’s lifespan
Physiological theories rely on both hereditary and environmental factors

12. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN ADULTHOOD
Younger adults focus on identity, careers, intimate relationships and parenthood
Middle-age adults focus on caring for children and older parents, dealing with role changes and planning for retirement
Older adults address changing roles, retirement, loss of friends or spouse, changing friendships, physical change and death
Personality remains stable over time but there are greater personal challenges and opportunities as one ages

13. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ADULT STAGES
Women follow life stages similar to those of men
Women are taught different values, goals and approaches to life
Women must deal with multiple roles and responsibilities
Friendships between women and men differ
Women see age 40 as a time to reassess while some men view age 40 as a last chance at youth

14. Ageism
Ageism is prejudice against the elderly, and the discrimination it leads to.
People seen through positive stereotypes are less likely to suffer discrimination

15. The Final Transition: Dying
People’s overall health deteriorates with age
Thanatology is the study of the psychological and medical aspects of death and dying

17. STAGE THEORIES OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT
Stage 5 of Erikson’s theory is identity vs. role confusion (Adolescence)
Adolescents are in search of an identity that will lead them to adulthood.
"Who am I?"
If the child over comes earlier conflicts they are prepared to search for identity.

18. STAGE THEORIES OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT
Stage 6 is intimacy vs. isolation (Young Adulthood)
The most important events are love relationships
An individual who has not developed a sense of identity usually will fear a committed relationship and may retreat into isolation.

19. STAGE THEORIES OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT
The crisis in Stage 7 revolves around generativity vs. stagnation (Middle Adulthood)
Does the adult have the ability to care and guide the next generation?
Each adult must have some way to satisfy and support the next generation.

20. STAGE THEORIES OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT
In Stage 8, ego integrity vs. despair (Late Adulthood)
The most important event at this stage is coming to accept one's whole life and reflecting on that life in a positive manner.
Accepting responsibility for your life and being able to undo the past and achieve satisfaction with self is essential. The inability to do this results in a feeling of despair.

21. The End
I hope every student has enjoyed of the growth and development course, I wish every student succeeds in the final exam. For any Question, don’t hesitate to come in my office Thanks, Ahmad Ata