1. Launching the Nation (1789-1800)
Chapter 10

2. I. Laying the Foundations of Government

3. Washington’s Inauguration

4. Good character & leadership Lacked political experience
A. The First President
1. George Washington
Good character & leadership
Lacked political experience

5. Method of electing Pres. & VP
2. Electoral College-
Method of electing Pres. & VP
Unanimous decision for George Washington!

6. 3. 1st capital city-
New York City

7. 4. Martha Washington-
1st lady
entertainment

8. 4 cont. Republican Motherhood-
Women are important
Teach children to be good citizens
Abigail Adams

9. B. Life in the New Republic
Population
million in U.S.
Economy
agriculture
trade

10. 3. New York & Philadelphia-
Largest cities
Over 25,000!!
*Most Americans were farmers, therefore very people
lived in large cities.**

11. C. Setting Precedents
precedent-
traditions

12. 2. The Cabinet (______ departments of the Executive Branch)
Major
2. The Cabinet (______ departments of the Executive Branch)

13. Washington and his Cabinet

14. State Department
Thomas Jefferson
Foreign relations

15. Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
Finances
Economy

16. War Department
Henry Knox
Defense
military

17. Justice
Edmund Randolph
Attorney General
Enforcing laws

18. Created 3 level federal court system
3. Judiciary Act of 1789
Created 3 level federal court system
John Jay-1st Supreme Court Justice
Who is the Supreme Court Justice today?

19. II. Hamilton and National Finances
A. Settling the Debt
1. Alexander Hamilton-
born in W. Indies
aide to GW in war

20. U.S. owed over $50 million to foreign countries and bonds to citizens
2. National Debt-
U.S. owed over $50 million to foreign countries and bonds to citizens
3. Bonds-
$ borrowed from citizens
4. Speculators-
bought bonds & hoped to collect $$

21. Pay France immediately Pay full value for bonds
5. Hamilton’s Plan-
Pay France immediately
Pay full value for bonds

22. 6. Jefferson’s Objections-
Not fair to those who sold “junk” bonds
Congress sided with Hamilton

23. Federal govt. pay states’ debts.
B. States Debts
1. Hamilton’s plan-
Federal govt. pay states’ debts.

24. 2. Virginia & North Carolina Objections-
Did not have debts
Did not want to help the federal government pay the debts of other states.
Madison
Jefferson

25. TJ & Madison would support Hamilton’s plan
3. Compromise-
TJ & Madison would support Hamilton’s plan
Hamilton would support U.S. capital South!!

26. 4. The New Capital: Washington D.C.

27. C. Hamilton vs. Jefferson

28. 1. Belief in common people
Had little faith in common people
Hamilton

29. 1. Belief in Common People
Trusted common people
“Will of majority”
Jefferson

30. 2. Power of federal government
Strong central (national) govt.
Hamilton

31. 2. Power of the Federal Government
Weak national
State power
Jefferson

32. *Business, trade & manufacturing ** protective tariff
3. Economy
*Business, trade & manufacturing
** protective tariff
Hamilton

33. 3. Economy
Agriculture
Low tariffs
Jefferson

34. 4. National Bank
Wanted national bank
national mint
Hamilton

35. 4. National Bank
Opposed-
Not a federal power!
Jefferson

36. 5. Constitution (Elastic Clause)
Loose construction-
Gave govt. lots of power
Hamilton

37. 5. Constitution (elastic clause)
Strict construction
Limit power of govt.
Jefferson

38. Results:
Bank
Federalists Party
Hamilton

39. Results
Republican Party
Became 3rd president
Jefferson

40. Hamilton vs Jefferson Who said what?
“If our country does not have a strong, central government it cannot stay united and prosperous.”
Hamilton

41. Hamilton vs Jefferson Who said what?
“Common Americans fought for our freedom from Britian and thus common Americans have the right to rule our country.”
Jefferson

42. Hamilton vs Jefferson Who said what?
“I do not believe that our Constitution gives Congress the power to create a national bank.”
Jefferson

43. Hamilton vs Jefferson Who said what?
“Human beings cannot be trusted as they are generally selfish and untrustworthy.”
Hamilton

44. Hamilton vs Jefferson Who said what?
“A national bank will provide a safe place to deposit government funds and will serve as a reliable source of loans for US businesses..”
Hamilton

45. Hamilton vs Jefferson Who said what?
“States rights must be protected in our new government to protect against power becoming concentrated in a small group of people who will debate it.”
Jefferson

46. Hamilton vs Jefferson Who said what?
“For the nation to prosper has a whole, it must be made up of independent farmers who have a good work ethic and won’t need help from the government.”
Jefferson

47. A. The French Revolution
III. Troubles Ahead
A. The French Revolution

48. Results
Overthrew king
Established republic

49. 2. American reaction-
a. Jefferson supported France
b. Others concerned about violence

50. B. War Between Britain & France
1. Neutrality Proclamation-
Washington- U.S. would not take sides
2. Response-
Jefferson angry

51. C. Citizen Genet
1. Edmond Genet- France’s rep. to U.S.
Recruited privateers
Ignored G.W. request to stop

52. 2. Thomas Jefferson-
Upset with Hamilton (influence on GW)
Resigned as Sec. Of State

53. D. Jay’s Treaty
British Navy-
Attacked U.S. ships trading w/Fr.

54. 2. British in the West- Still had not left frontier forts
Allied with American Indians against American settlers.

55. 3. John Jay-
1St Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Sent to G.B. to negotiate

56. 4. Jay’s Treaty
a. Br would pay for damage to American ships and leave forts in the NW.
b. U.S. pay war debts to British merchants.
c. Did not stop trading problems or slave problems.

57. E. Pinckney’s Treaty
1. Conflicts with Spain
Florida
New Orleans

58. 2. Pinckney’s Treaty
a. Changed Florida’s border and reopened the port of New Orleans.
b. Helped expansion of the frontier grow.

59. IV. Challenges at Home
A. Conflict in the Northwest Territory

60. 1. Little Turtle-
Miami Indian
Attacked US forces in Ohio in 1790 and 1791

61. 2. Gen. Anthony Wayne- “Mad Anthony”
Sent to Ohio to defeat Little Turtle
Little Turtle did not fight Wayne

62. 3. Battle of Fallen Timbers-
Wayne defeated Indians
ended frontier war

63. Indians gave up land north of OHIO R.
4. Treaty of Greenville-

65. Treaty of Greenville Linie

66. B. Whiskey Rebellion 1. Cause- Tax on whiskey
Farmers could not afford tax
2. Results- Farmers threatened rebellion in PA
Washington led army-
-Farmers fled
-Ended without a battle Proved govt. could enforce laws!!

67. C. Washington’s Farewell Address
1. Main Ideas
a. foreign alliances & wars
b. political divisions in U.S.
c. avoid public debt

68. 2. Importance-
Precedents
2 terms
Foreign wars

69. V. John Adams

70. A. Election of 1796 (1st election with political parties)

71. Federalists
Popularity:
New England
Founder:
Hamilton
Hamilton

72. Federalists
Beliefs:
business & trade
Strong federal govt.
Candidates:
Adams & Pinckney
Hamilton

73. Republicans
Popularity:
South & west
Founders:
Jefferson & Madison
Jefferson

74. Republican Jefferson Beliefs: Agriculture
Weak fed.- strong state govt.
Candidates:
Jefferson & Burr
Jefferson

75. Results
Adams Pres.
Jefferson V.P.

76. B. President Adams & the XYZ Affair
1. France
Attacking U.S. ships
2. Sent diplomats to visit Charles de Talleyrand-Perigord who refused to
meet them.

77. 3. French sent 3 agents and asked Americans for a ……
Bribe
4. This became known as
XYZ Affair
Adams

78. a. Asked Congress to build navy and army.
5. Results
a. Asked Congress to build navy and army.
b. Many Federalists wanted war
c. US signed a peace treaty with France-1800

79. C. Criticism of President Adams by the _____________
Republicans
Alien
1. Led to the _____ & ________
Sedition Acts
a. Purpose-14 year naturalization process.
b. Made it illegal to
“write, print, utter or publish”
false words against govt.

80. 2. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (Madison & Jefferson)
a. Stated Alien & Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.
b. Federal govt could not pass laws that interfered with the state government.

81. Importance:
c. Congress refused to repeal the Alien and Sedition Acts. Later they were not renewed.
Set precedent for politicians: state governments could challenge the federal government.

82. D. Election of 1800
Federalists-
Adams & Pinckney
Dem-Rep-
Jefferson & Burr

83. 3. Issues-
Alien & Sedition Acts
TJ-pro France
JA- “monarchist”

84. 2. Election decided in House of Rep.
E. Results
1. Jefferson & Burr tied.
2. Election decided in House of Rep.

85. 1. Jefferson and Burr tied Election was decided in the House
E. Results
1. Jefferson and Burr tied
Election was decided in the House
3. After many ties, Jefferson was elected with the help of Hamilton.

86. F. 12th Amendment
separate ballot for Pres & V.P.

87. Peaceful transfer of Power (Federalist to Republican)-
Weakened the Federalists
Showed the strengths of the US system of government.

88. Election of 1800

89. Election of 1800
                                                                     

90. Election of 1800

91. Journal Ch. 10
Entry #1
What should the new country put as its’ first priority…..
Alliances with other countries? or
Paying off the state debts?