1. Age of Napoleon

2. Early Life
Napoleon Bonaparte dominated French and European history from
Brought the French Revolution to an end in 1799
Born in Corsica 1769
Son of a lawyer who came from Florentine nobility
Studied at a military school in France
1785 became lieutenant in the French army
Studied philosophes and military campaigns of great military leaders

3. Early Life 1792 captain of French army
1794(25 yrs old) brigadier of Committee of Public Safety
1796 commander of French army in Italy
Won confidence from his men
ability to make quick decisions
intelligence
ease with words
confidence in himself

4. Early Life 1797 returned to France as a hero
Given job to command and train an army to invade Britain
He proposed to invade Egypt and threatening India
Major sources of British wealth
1799 took part in Coup d'état and set up the consulate
New government
Napoleon controlled entire government as first consul
Made himself consul for life
Crowned himself Emperor

5. Domestic Policies Created peace with the catholic church
Took the role of a different religion depending on where he was
Created seven codes of law
Civil Code (Napoleonic code) - recognized equality of all citizens
Choose their profession
Religious toleration
Abolition of serfdom and feudalism
Made it more difficult to get divorce if you were a woman

6. Bureaucracy Hired officials Created new aristocracy
Didn’t matter if they were royal or revolutionary officials
Based on ability
Created new aristocracy
Only 22% were from old regime
60% were middle class

7. Bureaucracy Napoleon preserved ideas of the revolution
Civil code
Government careers to people on ability
Changed ideas as well
Shut down 60 of 73 newspapers in France
All manuscripts were subject to government scrutiny
Mail was opened by government police

8. Napoleon’s Empire
When he became consul in 1799 France was at war with Russia, Great Britain and Austria
Signed a peace treaty in 1802
But didn’t last long
1803 war began with Great Britain
Great Britain was joined by Austria, Russia and Prussia
Napoleon’s army defeated Austria, Prussia and Russia

9. French Empire 1807-1812 France was composed of 3 major parts
Enlarged France (Rhine to the east and western half of Italy North of Rome)
Dependent States
Kingdoms under rule of Napoleon’s relatives
Spain, Holland, Italy, Swiss Republic, Grand Duchy of Warsaw, Confederation of Rhine (Germany)

10. Allied States
Defeated by Napoleon and forced to join the struggle against Britain
Prussia, Austria Russia, and Sweden

12. Principles of the Revolution
Napoleon wanted to spread the ideas of the French Revolution
Legal equality, religious tolerance, and economic freedom
He tried to destroy the old order within the Empire
Nobility and clergy lost their privileges

13. European Response Napoleon wanted his empire to last for centuries
It collapsed as quickly as it was formed
Britain survival
Nationalism

14. Britain’s Survival
Because Britain had a great Navy they could not be attacked
Napoleon wanted to attack but British Navy defeated a French-Spanish navy in 1805
Napoleon turned to his continental system
Goal was to stop British goods from being sold in Europe
By weakening their economy he would destroy their ability to wage war

15. Nationalism
A unique cultural identity of people based on common language, religion, and national symbols
Napoleon’s spread of French ideals made nationalism spread elsewhere
Hated by their oppressors
Stirred patriotism in opposition to French rule
Showed nations what nationalism could do

16. Fall of Napoleon Russia refused to be apart of the continental system
Napoleon had no choice but to invade
June 1812 a Grand Army of 600,000 men invaded Russia
Napoleon needed a quick victory
But Russians retreated for hundreds of miles burning everything

17. This led to other European nations to attack France
When they reached Moscow everything was burnt and there was no food or supplies
This began the great retreat.
Only 40,000 troops returned home
This led to other European nations to attack France
Paris was captured in 1814
Napoleon was exiled to Elba
Monarchy was restored to Louis XVIII
Brother of King, Louis XVI

18. The Final Defeat The new king had little support
Napoleon made his way back to France
Announced he was emperor
He raised another army and attacked the nearest allied forces in Belgium
At Waterloo in Belgium he was met by the Duke of Wellington
Led a British and Prussian Army
He was defeated and exiled to St. Helena