1. The Civil War

2. Focus Questions What were the goals of both the North and South?
What advantages did each side have?
What was the significance of each battle discussed?
What were the consequences of this war?

3. Beginning of War
America Divided
Between 1860 and 1861, 11 states seceded from the Union
In 1861, Americans began to fight the worst war our nation had ever known.
Families and friends became divided, not knowing which side to support
Families and friends fought against each other… Mary, Lincoln’s wife, had brothers fighting for the Union

4. Lincoln’s decision
Southern states wanted to leave the Union peacefully and form the Confederate States of America
Southerners felt very different from the North and believed that they could not remain part of the U.S.
Lincoln did not want to go to war, but felt he had no choice.
His goal was to keep the Union together….

5. What is President Lincoln saying here?
During Lincoln’s inaugural speech, he asked the Union to rejoin the Union…
“We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.”
What is President Lincoln saying here?
But within a few weeks, the north and south were at war.

6. 1861

7. Fort Sumter
Belonged to the U.S. army, even though it was in South Carolina
Confederate states wanted control of Fort Sumter
Lincoln said no and he sent supplies to the union soldiers who were protecting it
In April, 1861, fighting began
Confederate soldiers attacked Fort Sumter
Union soldiers quickly ran out of ammunition and surrendered
Confederates won the first battle
Fort Sumter then
Fort Sumter today
Fort Sumter movie

8. Significance of Fort Sumter Battle
First battle of Civil War
No casualties (deaths)
Led to false beliefs that this would be a quick war

9. Goals of North and South
Fighting to keep the Union together
South
Fighting to have their own, independent nation
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis

10. Advantages of each side-make predictions
North
South
Advantages ?
Disadvantages

11. Evaluating the North and South Advantages of North and South-Reading

12. Advantages of each side
North
South
Advantages
4 times as many soldiers
Larger population-23 million people
More money
Farms grew more food
More factories
More railroads
North produced its own weapons ammunition and supplies
Used railroads to move troops and supplies
Had the passion for fighting to have their own nation
Most fighting occurred on their own land
Excellent generals-Robert E. Lee
Disadvantages
Didn’t have the same passion as south
Fighting in unknown territories
Less than 9 million people
Had less food
Fewer factories
Fewer soldiers
Fewer railroads

13. Railroad Lines in 1860 movie

14. CIVIL WAR STRATEGIES Planning and paying for the War
North’s plan
The Anaconda Plan
Wanted to crush prey to death (South)
Blockade the South
Split the Confederacy by gaining
control of the Mississippi River
Capture Richmond, the Confederate
capital
Northern ships would blockade southern ports
to stop confederacy from receiving supplies
Prevent South from selling cotton
Congress passed income tax laws and sold war bonds

15. South’s plan Fight a defensive war
Would defend land and wait for Union to get tired and then surrender
Hopeful that Great Britain would provide them with supplies
Confederacy placed taxes on many different products and sold war bonds

16. First Battles

17. First Battle of Bull Run
First major battle
July 21, 1861
30,000 Union soldiers against 22,000 confederate soldiers
Union expected quick win and started winning, but confederates ended up winning
Confederates led by “Stonewall Jackson”-one of South’s best generals
Civilians came out to watch!
Significance- Union knows this will be a long war

18. Battle of Shiloh Fought in Shiloh, Tennessee April 6, 1862
Bloodiest battle yet
Almost 10,000 wounded or dead Union soldiers
1,728 dead
Over 8,000 wounded
Union victory

19. Battle of Antietam Bloodiest single battle in U.S. history
Over 2,000 Union soldiers dead and more than 9,000 wounded
1,500 confederate soldiers dead and more than 7,800 wounded
General Lee’s battle plans lost and found by Union soldiers
Significance-Confederate loss, which meant General Lee couldn’t convince Great Britain to aide them in the war effort

20. Emancipation Proclamation
Because the Union won an important battle, Lincoln believed it was time to act on the issue of slavery
Wrote the “Emancipation Proclamation”
Stated that after January 1, 1863, all enslaved people in states that were at war with the Union in the Confederacy, would be emancipated, or freed.
This made southern African Americans very happy
However, the Emancipation Proclamation did not free slaves in border states, territories captured by Union forces, or in the Confederacy.

21. Significance of Emancipation Proclamation
Gave Union soldiers important reasons to fight-ending slavery and saving the Union
Encouraged enslaved African Americans to escape from their owners and join the Union army
Great Britain and other foreign nations decided not to aid the Confederacy when they heard the Union was trying to stop slavery.

22. Different Americans fighting for the Union
Thousands of enslaved Africans joined the Union army
440,000 immigrants from Ireland, Germany, Italy, Sweded, Poland, etc.
10,000 hispanic americans
6,000 jewish americans

23. Battle of Gettysburgh
Lee decided to attack the north in hopes of getting them to surrender
Lee led 75,000 troops and the North led 90,000 troops and they met at Gettysburgh, PA on July 1, 1863
Lasted three horrible days
Huge losses for both sides-Union lost 23,000 and the confederates lost 28,000
Lee went back to Virginia
Too many losses for South and they couldn’t replace all the men
Army was never that strong again
Route General Lee took when headed into Gettysburgh

24. Gettysburgh Address
Abraham Lincoln made an address at Gettysburgh shortly after the loss of so many lives
Gettysburgh movie
What was the purpose of the speech?
How did Lincoln feel about his speech?
How did others’ feel about the address?
What did his speech mean?

25. Capture of Vicksburgh
Union’s goal was to get full control of the Mississippi River
Confederates would then not be able to move their supplies
Needed to capture Vicksburgh, Miss
Order Grant (Union general) to take control of Vicksburgh
Eventually the Union captured Vicksburgh by completely surrounding them and withholding all supplies until they literally were starving to death

26. Capture of Port Hudson
With this capture, the Union controlled the entire Mississippi River
Confederacy was now split
Without this river, the South could not not get food from Texas and Arkansas
Capture of Vicksburgh and Gettysburgh were turning points in the Civil war
Confederate army not ready to surrender, but they couldn’t win the war

27. Sherman’s March to the Sea Southern’s viewpoint of Sherman’s march
Grant (union) now commanded more than 500,000 soldiers
Goal was to crush the South to make it impossible for the Confederates to continue fighting
Grant sent Sherman to capture the city of Atlanta, Georgia
He attacked manufacturing and railroad centers
Captured Georgia and set it on fire-completely destroyed the city
Actions called total war-to destroy anything the south could use to continue the war
Sherman then captured Savannah, Georgia
Burned animals, houses, barns, bridges and roads
As a result, people HATED the north, but they did finally surrender
Sherman’s movie