1. Some questions to think about as you watch the ads… Write down five sentences that capture main themes found across these advertisements? What words strike you as most important? Write down first five images that you found most compelling in the US Army examples Describe the music in the US Army advertisement What are the main differences between the advertisements?

2. ARE WARRIORS BORN OR ARE THEY MADE? US army http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKciWKsWHJc&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwvCV0QuQKU&feature=related Britain (5:35) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyWQinmBjBk&feature=related Canada: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5K69jwRkm04&list=PL302720FD5E03FCAD &index=4&feature=plpp http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5K69jwRkm04&list=PL302720FD5E03FCAD &index=4&feature=plpp Soldiers of Conscience (Sgt. Washington, Sgt. Isom) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8921Xp_J20&list=PL9E33273DB4AC696A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rkM95ur4IU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8921Xp_J20&list=PL9E33273DB4AC696A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rkM95ur4IU Saving Private Ryan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwBkQy9CpS0

3. WHY IS WAR PRESENT ACROSS CULTURES, TIME, AND SOCIETIES? What’s the first image? Innate human aggression, selective aggression as the product of evolution, and the psychology failings of leaders What do “philosophers” say about individuals?: Original sin causes violence (Augustine) Hobbes: Rationality and the security dilemma in the state of nature causes violence Darwin: Biological and behavioral evolution (Why study primates?)

4. WHY MIGHT VIOLENCE PAY OFF GENETICALLY? Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression (1966); Jane Goodal’s work on chimpanzees (1980s): Ethology tells us that men and some primates belong to a very small subset of mammals that engage in intraspecific violence to the death Weren’t early humans a lot less violent than we are now? What kind of violence did they engage in? How can we have two driving instinctual impulses that are contradictory: We work together but we are violent How is violence related to: survival of the gene pool, beneficial hierarchy, & the passing along of better gene pools? Territoriality, resource competition, and aggression: Why might they be connected? How does modernity reduce the pressures of the factors? What happens when social adaptation to new environments outpaces genetic change?: How do thumbs and tools relate to our missing appeasement gestures or universally accepted rituals of limited violence? How have the development of culture, morality, and language impacted our biological impulses towards violence? What about nationalism?