1. The Roaring Twenties

2. President Warren G. Harding
29th President of the United States
Died in office August 2, 1923
Supposedly of a heartattack

3. Politics and Prosperity
Recession: an economic slump
The U.S went into a recession because the factories stopped turning out war materials
Warren G. Harding takes office in 1920
“Back to Normalcy”
The Ohio Gang: Harding’s cabinet consisted of his old friends - getting the name “Ohio gang”

4. The “Ohio Gang” Charles Forbes Veterans Bureau Stole millions
Albert Fall
Secretary of the Interior
Took bribes from oil executives

5. Politics and Prosperity
Teapot Dome Scandal
Sec. of Interior Albert Fall was bribed by 2 oil executives
Fall secretly leased them gov’t land in California Teapot Dome, Wyoming
Coolidge takes office
Industry booms
Most Americans incomes rose
Sales of consumer goods rose

8. President Calvin Coolidge
30th President of the United States
Became President after Harding died in office
Elected in his own right in 1924
Total opposite to Harding

9. Calvin Coolidge What does this mean?
“The business of America is business. The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships there.”
What does this mean?

10. Politics and Prosperity
New ways:
Installment buying - buying goods on credit, paying over time
Buying on Margin - purchasing a stock for just 10% down payment of the price of the stock
Ex: Stock costs $10, the investor would put down $1, down the road the person would have to pay the remaining balance
Bull Market - increase stock trading and rising stock prices

11. Charging Bull (Wall Street Bull)

12. Politics and Prosperity
Foreign affairs:
communism: economic system in which all the wealth and property is owned by the community - this was implemented by Lenin in Russia, but the government controls everything (private property & religion), not the community
disarmament: reduction of weapons and forces
Kellogg-Briand Pact: treaty outlawed war

13. New Ways of Life Ban on Alcohol: New rights for women
18th amendment
bootleggers
speakeasies
Rise of organize crime = mob and gangsters
New rights for women
19th amendment gave women the right to vote
League of Women Voters
Carrie Chapman Catt

14. New Ways of Life
ERA - equal rights amendment: rights shall not be denied based on gender
Women’s work: women had new opportunities at home and at work

15. The Car Henry Ford and the assembly line Made cars more affordable
$850  $290

16. Fords became more affordable!
HOW?
1927
1908
1924

17. New Ways of Life The Car: Economic effects: Social effects
Tourism, travel and more
Suburbs created
Created many jobs (rubber, glass, steel, gas, oil etc.)
Social effects
suburbs - community located outside the city
The car allowed for the development of the suburbs

18. New Ways of Life Mass culture
A National culture created by: cars, music, radio, fads, and more
Radio
Families would gather around after dinner
News and entertainment
Movies
Charlie Chaplin
Silent movies  “talkies”
1927 – The Jazz Singer

19. The Jazz Age Era of Changing Fashions:
Fad: activity or fashion that is taken up with great passion for a short amount of time
Flappers: young women that rebelled against traditional ways of thinking
Wore dresses short
Hair bobbed
Red lipstick

20. The Jazz Age
Jazz: combined West African rhythms, African American work songs and spirituals and European harmonies
Louis Armstrong
Writers:
F. Scott Fitzgerald (The Great Gatsby)
Ernest Hemmingway (Farewell to Arms, The Sun Also Rises)

21. The Jazz Age Harlem Renaissance Rebirth of African American culture
Large numbers of African American musicians, artists, and writers settled in Harlem
Writers
Langston Hughes: poet, expressing in poetry the life of African Americans of the 1920’s

22. Athletes of the ’20s Bobby Jones Helen Wills Bill Tilden Jack Dempsey
Gertrude Ederle
Red Grange
Babe Ruth

23. Charles Lindberg Mail pilot May 1927
First to fly non-stop across the Atlantic Ocean
33 ½ hrs.
The Spirit of St. Louis
“Lucky Lindy”

24. Aviation on Long Island

25. Today
1938

26. Uneven Prosperity
Not everyone was benefitting from “Coolidge prosperity”
Clothing industry  shorter skirts = less cloth
Coal industry  switching over to oil as source of energy
Farmers  Europe no longer reliant on American crops
Labor unions  during WWI wages had not kept pace with prices

27. Trouble below the Surface
Red Scare
During WWI fear of sabotage  fear of foreigners
Fear of communism spreading through America
Anarchists - people who opposed organized government
Red Scare – radicals, anarchists, communists were arrested, jailed and sometimes deported

28. Trouble below the Surface
Sacco and Vanzetti
Two Italian immigrants in Massachusetts were arrested for murder
Admitted anarchists
Limited evidence against them
Convicted and put to death in 1927

29. Trouble below the Surface
Limiting Immigration
Nativism - anti-foreigners
Emergency Quota Act – 1921, set up a quota system that allowed only a certain number of people from each country to enter the USA

30. What’s going on in this cartoon?

31. Trouble below the Surface
Scopes Trial
Clash between old and new values
Evolution v. Religion
John Scopes a Biology teacher in Ohio taught evolution and was arrested
Scopes was convicted and fined
Result:
People fear CHANGE!

32. Trouble below the Surface
Racism
Fear of change led to hatred
1915: rebirth of the KKK
Goal: Preserve the USA for white, native born Protestants
Marcus Garvey - Universal Negro Improvement Association
Promote unity and pride

33. 1928 Election Republican Fmr. Secretary of Commerce
Self-made millionaire
Protestant from the mid West
For Prohibition
Democrat
Fmr. Governor of New York
Catholic from East Coast
Was a “wet” against Prohibition
Herbert Hoover
Alfred E. Smith