1. UNIT 3 DEVELOPING A NATIONAL IDENTITY
CHAPTER 7 FROM NATIONALISM TO SECTIONALISM
CH. 7-1 THE RISE OF NATIONALISM

2. A NEW AMERICAN CULTURE Fewer than 10 millions Americans
Largest city: New York – 120,000
The USA was growing rapidly
A COUNTRY “IN CONSTANT MOTION”
Americans slowly developed their own culture
French observer: Alexis de Tocqueville
Wrote about the endless energy of Americans
Americans began doing things in unique ways

3. AMERICAN ART AND LITERATURE
Before 1800s, artists and writers were paid little respect.
1825—painter Thomas Cole established the Hudson River School (painting p. 239)
Writers gained respect in the early 1800s
Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, William Cullen Bryant
1828—new American English was published by lexicographer Noah Webster
“American Dictionary of the English Language”

4. NATIONALISM INFLUENCES DOMESTIC POLICY
NATIONALISM—the belief that the interests of the nation as a whole are more important than regional interests of the interests of other countries
SECTIONALISM—the belief that one’s own section, or region, of the country is more important than the whole.
JOHN MARSHALL
Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court
Firm believer in strong national government
Made two key rulings that dealt with nationalism

5. TWO KEY RULINGS
1819—McCulloch v. Maryland
State of Maryland vs. National Government
Ruling: national interests were to be put above state interests
1824—Gibbons v. Ogden
Rival steamboat companies
Aaron Ogden received permission from NY to run a business
Thomas Gibbons had a license from the national government to run his.
Case goes before the Supreme Court

6. Ruling: Court ruled in favor of Gibbons
National law was superior to state law
Nationalism had triumphed over sectionalism in matters of the Constitution
THE AMERICAN SYSTEM
Championed by Henry Clay (House speaker)
Tariff to protest American industries
Sale of government lands to raise money for the government
Maintenance of the national bank
Government funding of public projects such as roads and canals

7. American system was never implemented as a unified policy but it did show how nationalism was on peoples’ minds
NATIONALISM GUIDES FOREIGN POLICY
THE ERA OF GOOD FEELING
1816—James Monroe elected President
Economy is growing rapidly
Spirit of nationalism and optimism prevailed

8. DIPLOMATIC SUCCESSES
1818—Rush-Bagot Treaty signed with Britain
Provided almost complete disarmament of the eastern part of the border with USA and British Canada
Western part of the US/Canadian border drawn on the 49th parallel
1819—Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spain reach agreement—Adams-Onis Treaty
The USA acquires Florida and establishes a firm boundary between the Louisiana Territory and Spanish territory
Adams expanded the country to the south and east

9. THE MONROE DOCTRINE
USA still faced a foreign policy problem
Spain colonized Central and South America in the 1600s and 1700s
France had taken the colonies from Spain
Spain considered taking them back
Great Britain is worried this action will threaten trade with the colonies
USA worried that other countries would want land in America like the Pacific Northwest

10. The Monroe Doctrine stated that the USA would view any European attempts to further colonize the Americas “as dangerous to our peace and safety.”
The USA would not “interfere in the internal concerns” of Europe
THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
1 in 6 settlers in Missouri were slaves
1819—22 states in the Union
Half the states were “free” states and the other half were “slave”
Missouri applies for statehood

11. If Missouri is admitted as a slave state the balance would be upset
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
Missouri admitted as a slave state
Maine admitted as a free state
Slavery banned in the northern part of the Louisiana Territory
Feelings of sectionalism were starting to emerge.
The End