1. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 1: Fitness Professionals, Coaches, and the Sports Medicine Team: Defining Roles

2. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Sports Medicine vs. Athletic Training

3. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Sports Medicine Sports medicine refers to a broad field of medical practices related to physical activity and sport –Defined by American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) as multidisciplinary Sports medicines generally focuses on areas of performance enhancement, injury care, prevention and management

4. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Exercise Physiology Biomechanics Sport Psychology Sports Nutrition Strength and Conditioning Personal Fitness Training Coaching Physical Education Performance Enhancement Injury Care & Management Practice of Medicine Athletic Training Sports Physical Therapy Sports Massage Therapy Sports Dentistry Osteophathic Medicine Orthotists/Prosthetists Sports Chiropractic Sport Podiatry

5. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Sports Medicine Organizations Sports medicine organizations tend to have many goals –Upgrade field by devising and maintaining a set of professional standards (code of ethics) –Bring professionals together in collegial fashion for exchange of ideas, critical thinking and research for advancement of profession –Provide opportunities for individuals to work together toward singleness of purpose Many national organizations have state and local associations, serving as extensions of the larger body

6. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Athletic Healthcare in Organized vs. Recreational Sports Activities Delivery of healthcare is dependent on whether the event is organized or recreational Organized activity –Generally competitive –Involves teams, leagues (secondary schools, collegiate and professional teams) –Players of the sports medicine team (coach, athletic trainer, physician) are employed on full- or part-time –College setting may also have nutritionist, sports psychologist, strength & conditioning coach, massage therapist

7. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Recreational activity –Can be competitive but often times is done more for leisure and is much less formal –City and community-based recreational leagues and teams –Often include fitness-oriented events –Sometimes recreational athlete will hire a personal fitness trainer –If injury occurs they are more likely to consult with a family physician, athletic trainer, sports chiropractor or a sports physical therapist Typically, care provided on a fee for care basis Athletic Healthcare in Organized vs. Recreational Sports Activities

8. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Players on the Sports Medicine Team

9. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Fitness Professionals Focus of the group is on improving performance Argument can be made that by an athlete achieving a higher level of fitness, injuries are less likely to occur The relationship between performance enhancement and injury prevention is critical

10. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Personal Fitness Trainer Responsible for designing a comprehensive exercise program to meet an individual’s needs and goals while also considering a person’s health history Field emerged in the 1970’s and expanded tremendously in the 1980’s –Becoming an incredibly fast growing and expansive field –Work with all types of individuals No single standard qualification for a person to practice as a fitness trainer

11. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Personal Fitness Trainer Over 400 certification organizations - Four “credible” –American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) –National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) –National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) –American Council on Exercise (ACE) These organizations have specific requirements, mandatory testing/retesting, renewal periods, and continuing education Some even require a formal educational degree in exercise science or another related field All personal fitness trainers should be certified in CPR/AED 1,2,3 and in basic First Aid 1,2 (Red Cross 1, National Safety Council 2 or American Heart Association 3 )

12. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Personal Fitness Trainer Strongest growth segment of the fitness industry Providing increasing services in post- rehabilitation training, sports conditioning, special medical needs, and weight management Working with a variety of client populations

13. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Strength & Conditioning Coach Oversee fitness of an athlete Often employed at the collegiate level for both team and individual training sessions Typically certified by the NSCA All strength & conditioning coaches should be certified in CPR/AED 1,2,3 and in basic First Aid 1,2 (Red Cross 1, National Safety Council 2 or American Heart Association 3 ) Must work with the athletic trainer when it comes to modifying a strength training program relative to injury

14. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Strength & Conditioning Coach The athletic trainer should dictate what the athlete can and cannot do when engaging in a strength & conditioning program Strength & conditioning coaches are typically not available at the high school level –The athletic trainer or team coach typically assume this roles in these situations –Will require both program development and overseeing the weight room

15. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Recreation Specialists A recreation specialist plans, organizes, and oversees leisure activities and athletic programs in local recreation camp and park areas; in playground; in health clubs and fitness centers; in the workplace; and in theme parks Required to ensure that the environment is safe. Should an injury occur to a participant, they should be able to provide immediate and correct first aid and then refer for additional medical assistance All recreation specialist should be certified in CPR/AED 1,2,3 and in basic First Aid 1,2 (Red Cross 1, National Safety Council 2 or American Heart Association 3 )

16. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Recreation Specialists Recreation and Parks Directors –Serve as an advisor to local and state recreation and park commissions to manage comprehensive recreation programs in a variety of setting –Develop budgets for recreation programs Recreation supervisors –Serve as liaisons between parks director and recreation leaders –Plan, organize and manage various activities; may also direct special activities or events Recreation leaders –Responsible for daily operations of the recreation program

17. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Recreation Specialists Activity specialist –Provide instruction and coach groups in specialties (i.e. swimming or tennis) Camp counselor –Lead and instruct campers in outdoor-oriented forms of recreation Recreational therapist –Work in acute healthcare settings; working to treat and rehabilitate individuals with specific health conditions –Utilize leisure activities to improve and maintain client’s general health and well-being –May also provide interventions that help to prevent further medical problems

18. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Athletic Administrator Has a significant impact on the sports medicine team Responsible for hiring personnel (i.e. coaches, ATC’s, strength coaches, nutritionists, team physician) –Must be sure that all individuals have the necessary credentials and are willing to work as a team Must also oversee and develop policies & procedures, risk management plan, and emergency action plans Responsible for the budget and for funding all aspects of an athletic healthcare program –Salaries, supplies, equipment, insurance Commitment of the administrator can have a tremendous impact on the success of the athletic program

19. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Coach Coach must be aware of the responsibilities of each individual associated with the team –If there is no athletic trainer, this becomes even more critical Coach must understand limits of their ability to function as a health care provider in the state in which they are employed All coaches should be certified in CPR/AED 1,2,3 and in basic First Aid 1,2 (Red Cross 1, National Safety Council 2 or American Heart Association 3 )

20. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Coach Construct injury prevention conditioning programs Must provide high quality and properly fit protective equipment Apply proper first aid if necessary Be CPR/AED and First Aid certified Possess appropriate coaching licenses and certifications Have understanding of skill techniques and environmental factors associated with sport Continuing education through ASEP or NCACE Function as a coach

21. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Athletic Trainer Work with athletes from time of injury to resolution Directly responsible for all phases of health care in an athletic environment May be employed in a variety of settings –Colleges/Universities/Secondary schools –Sports medicine clinics / Corporate settings –Amateur/Professional athletics –Military/NASA/NASCAR/Performing arts –Equipments sales/marketing

22. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Athletic Trainer Must have extensive background in formal academic preparation and supervised practical experience Guidelines are set Board of Certification –Both in academic coursework and clinical experience Upon meeting the educational guidelines applicants are eligible to sit for the examination Upon passing the certification examination = BOC certification as an athletic trainer –Credential of ATC

23. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Domains of Athletic Training Injury prevention –Ensure appropriate training, monitor environment, nutrition, maintain & fitting equipment, appropriate use of medication Clinical evaluation and diagnosis –Recognize nature and extent of injury Immediate care –Provide first aid and management of acute injuries – (CPR/AED and First Aid) Treatment, rehabilitation and reconditioning –Knowledge of equipment, manual therapy, therapeutic modalities Organization & administration –Budgeting, inventory, injury records, supervision of assistants, insurance, EAP development Professional responsibility –Educating the public through seminars, research & providing good care

24. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Team Physician Athletic trainer works under direct supervision of physician Physician assumes a number of roles –Serves to advise and supervise athletic trainer Physician and athletic trainer must be able to work together Compiling medical histories and conducting physical exams Diagnosing injury Deciding on disqualifications –***Physician must have the final say on when the athlete should return to activity!! Attending practice and games It is imperative that the team physician promote and maintain consistently high quality care

25. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Relationship Between the Sports Medicine Team and Athlete Primary concern should be that of the athlete –All individuals must work cooperatively in the best interest of the athlete –Coach should differ to the medical staff and support decisions regarding athlete health care Close communication between all parties involved is critical All parties must work to develop solid working relationship Each member will have to gain trust and confidence in the skills and abilities of each other Imperative that the athlete is kept well-informed –Coach and athletic trainer must make a point of educating the student-athlete

26. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Family and the Sports Medicine Team Parents will also be involved at the high school and middle school level –Parent’s decision must be of a primary consideration Athletic trainer must be prepared to deal with multiple healthcare providers at parents request –May be dictated via parent’s insurance plan Must also be sure that athlete and family are familiar with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

27. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Other Members of the Sports Medicine Team Physicians Dentist Podiatrist Nurse Physicians Assistant Sports Chiropractors Physical Therapist Massage Therapist Orthotist/prosthetist Equipment Personnel Physicians Dentist Podiatrist Nurse Physicians Assistant Sports Chiropractors Physical Therapist Massage Therapist Orthotist/prosthetist Equipment Personnel Exercise Physiologist Biomechanist Nutritionist Sport Psychologist Emergency Medical Specialists Strength & Conditioning Coach Referees Exercise Physiologist Biomechanist Nutritionist Sport Psychologist Emergency Medical Specialists Strength & Conditioning Coach Referees