2. GOTHIC FICTION  Gothic fiction, or Gothic horror, is a genre of literature that combines fiction, horror, and romance. Melodrama and parody are other long-standing features of the Gothic.  It originated in England in the second half of the 18th century and had much success in the 19th as witnessed by Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Bram Stoker’s Dracula, and the works of Edgar Allan Poe.  The name Gothic refers to the (pseudo)-medieval buildings in which many of these stories take place – castles, dungeons, decaying ruins, monasteries, and haunted mansions.

3. THE GOTHIC SETTING  English Gothic writers often associated medieval buildings with what they saw as a dark and terrifying period, characterized by harsh laws enforced by torture, and with mysterious, fantastic, and superstitious rituals.  Prominent features of Gothic fiction include terror (both psychological and physical), mystery, the supernatural, ghosts, haunted houses and Gothic architecture, castles, darkness, death, decay, doubles, madness, secrets, and hereditary curses.

5. STOCK CHARACTERS  Tyrants, villains, bandits, maniacs  Persecuted maidens, femme fatales, madwomen  Monks, nuns, magicians  Vampires, werewolves, demons, dragons  Angels, fallen angels, ghosts, demons  Perambulating skeletons  The Devil himself.

7. CHARACTERISTIC ELEMENTS OF GOTHIC FICTION  MACABRE (gruesome/ghastly/terrifying) events and settings  A castle, ruined or intact, haunted or not; sinister buildings  Dungeons, underground passages, crypts, and catacombs which, in modern houses, become spooky basements or attics  Labyrinths, dark corridors, and winding stairs  Shadows, a beam of moonlight in the blackness, a flickering candle, or the only source of light failing  Extreme landscapes, like rugged mountains, thick forests, or icy wastes, and extreme weather

8. OTHER CHARACTERISTICS:  Omens and ancestral curses  Magic and supernatural manifestations  A passion-driven, willful villain-hero or villain  A curious heroine with a tendency to faint and a need to be rescued–frequently  A hero whose true identity is revealed by the end of the novel

10. “Poe is the supreme short story writer of all time.” – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. EDGAR ALLAN POE

11. “I think Edgar Poe is the most original American genius.” - Alfred, Lord Tennyson “The prince of American Literature.” - Victor Hugo “Poe’s genius has yet conquer’d a special recognition for itself, and I too have come to fully admit it, and to fully appreciate it and him.” - Walt Whitman “It’s because I liked Edgar Allan Poe’s stories so much that I began to make suspense films.” - Alfred Hitchcock

12.  The name Poe brings to mind images of murderers and madmen, premature burials, and mysterious women who return from the dead. His works have been in print since 1827 and include such literary classics as “The Tell-Tale Heart,” “The Raven,” and “The Fall of the House of Usher.”  Poe wrote short stories, poetry, a novel, a textbook, a book of scientific theory, and hundreds of essays and book reviews.  He is widely acknowledged as the inventor of the modern detective story and an innovator in the science fiction genre, but he made his living as America’s first great literary critic and theoretician.  Poe’s reputation today rests primarily on his tales of terror as well as on his haunting lyric poetry.