2.  At its worst, the “airpocalypse” that settled over Beijing and northern China in late February had a fine particulate matter reading 16 times the recommended upper limit, turning Beijing into a veritable smoking lounge.

3.  1963 and amendments in 1970, 1977, and 1990  Purpose: ◦ Control common pollutants ◦ Hazardous pollutants ◦ Area wide and global pollutants

4.  Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 )  Nitrogen oxides (NOx)  Ozone (O 3 )  Particulate matter (PM)  Lead (Pb)  Carbon monoxide (CO)

5. 5

6.  EPA set standards  States develop plans to achieve standards  Tougher rules for new sources of pollution  Non-attainment areas ◦ Chattanooga ◦ Knoxville ◦ Memphis ◦ Kingsport-Bristol

7. 7

8.  www.airnow.gov www.airnow.gov 8

9. 9

10. 10 Emissions have also greatly improved. Source: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/sixpoll.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/airtrends/sixpoll.html

11. 11 Air quality (pollution concentrations) has improved greatly, particularly since 1990. Source: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/sixpoll.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/airtrends/sixpoll.html

12. 12

13. 13 Emissions have declined greatly even though the economy continues to grow. We have become much more efficient at growing the economy without adding to air pollution.

14. 14

15. 15 High levels of ozone and fine particulates still persist. 142 million people in the U.S. live in areas with high levels of ozone, particulates, SO2, or lead.

16. 16

17.  Are the air standards efficient?  Are the air standards cost-effective?  Are the air standards worth doing?

18.  Offset program (1970s)  Smog Trading (California)  Acid rain program (tradable permits)  Climate change (later in the term) 18