© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-1 Enabling Single-Site On-Net Calling Implementing Calling Privileges in Cisco Unified Communications.

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-2 Outline  Calling Privileges Overview  Partitions and Calling Search Spaces  Time Schedules and Time Periods  Client Matter Codes and Forced Authorization Codes  Calling Privileges Applications Overview  Implementing Class of Service  Implementing 911 and Vanity Numbers  Implementing Time of Day-Based Carrier Selection  Implementing Private Line, Automatic Ringdown

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-4 Calling Privileges Calling privileges (also called class of service) define the entries of a call routing table that can be accessed by an endpoint performing a call routing request.  Used to control telephony charges –Block costly service numbers –Restrict international calls  Used for special applications including: –Route calls with the same number differently per user (different gateway per site for PSTN calls) –Route calls to the same number differently per time of day

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-5 Call Privileges Requirement Example Calling Privilege Class (Class of Service) Allowed Destinations Internal  Internal  Emergency Local  Internal  Emergency  Local PSTN Long Distance  Internal  Emergency  Local PSTN  Long Distance PSTN International  Internal  Emergency  Local PSTN  Long Distance PSTN  International PSTN

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-6 Call Privileges Configuration Elements Call Privileges ElementCharacteristics Partitions Group of numbers (directory numbers, route patterns, translation patterns, etc.) with similar reachability characteristics Calling Search Spaces (CSSs) Defines which partitions are accessible to a particular device Time Schedules and Time Periods Used to allow certain partitions to be reachable only during a certain time of the day Client Matter Codes (CMC) Used to track calls to certain numbers A user must enter a Client Matter Code to track calls to certain clients Forced Authorization Codes (FAC) Restrict outgoing calls to certain numbers A user must enter an authorization code to reach the number

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-8 Partitions and Calling Search Spaces  A partition is a group of numbers with same reachability. –Any dialable patterns can be part of a partition (directory numbers, route patterns, translation patterns, voice-mail ports, Meet-Me conference numbers, etc.).  Calling search space is a list of partitions and includes the partitions that are accessible by this CSS. –A device can call only those numbers located in the partitions that are part of its calling search space. –Assigned to any entity that can generate a call routing request, including phones, phone lines, gateways, and applications.

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-9 Partition and CSS  Before partitions and CSS are configured, all entities that can have a partition (i.e., called entities such as directory numbers, route patterns, etc.) reside in partition, and all entities that can have a CSS (calling entities such as phones or trunks) are assigned with CSS.  Entities that are in partition are always accessible (regardless whether the calling entity has a CSS or not).  Entities that have CSS assigned can only access entities that are in partition.

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-10 Analogy: Locks and Key Rings Phone1Phone2Phone3Phone4Phone5 No Partition Assigned No CSS Assigned Phone1: Phone2, Phone3, Phone4, Phone5 Phone2: Phone1, Phone3, Phone4, Phone5 Phone3: Phone2, Phone4 Phone4: Phone1, (Phone4) Phone5: Phone4 CSSs: Partitions: Phones Effective Permissions:

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-11 CSS Basic Partitions and CSS Example Partition Chicago Phone 2-13001 Partition San Jose Phone 1-12001 Phone CSS contains two partitions. Phone 2-1 DN 3001 lies in partition Chicago. User dials 3001. Partition Atlanta Phone 3-14001 Phone 3-1 DN 4001 lies in partition Atlanta. Not included in routing decision. Phone 2-1 will ring. 1 2 3

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-12 CSS Partition Order Relevance A CSS is an ordered list of partitions.  All accessible entities of the call routing table are considered by best-match logic. –Entities which are in a partition that is listed in the CSS of the calling entity –Entities which do not have a partition assigned  Multiple identical entities can exist in the call routing table but must be in different partitions.  If no single best match, the entry of the call rouitng table is used whose partition is listed first in the CSS of the calling device.  Resulting route selection priorities: 1.Best match 2.If multiple, equally qualified matches, order of partition is tie breaker

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-13 CSS Partitions and CSS Example with Multiple Best Matches Partition Chicago Phone 2-13001 Partition San Jose Phone 1-13001 Phone CSS contains two partitions. Phone 2-1 DN 3001 lies in partition Chicago. User dials 3001. Partition Atlanta Phone 3-13001 Phone 3-1 DN 3001 lies in partition Atlanta. Not included in routing decision. 1 Phone 1-1 DN 3001 lies in partition San Jose. Phone2-1 and Phone1-1 match equally well. Phone2- 1 is used because its partition is listed first. Phone 2-1 and Phone 1-1 match equally well. Phone 2-1 is used because its partition is listed first in calling phone’s CSS. 2

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-14 Phones Have a Device CSS and Line CSS IP phones can have a CSS configured at each line and at the device.  CSS of the line from which the call is placed is considered first  Device CSS is then added  Effective CSS consists of: 1.Line CSS 2.Device CSS Partition D1 Partition D2 Partition D3 Device CSS Partition L1 Partition L2 Partition L3 Line CSS Partition L1 Partition L2 Partition L3 Resulting CSS Partition D1 Partition D2 Partition D3 Line Device

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-15 Example with IP Phone Line CSS and Device CSS  A phone with both line and device CSS configured dials extension “3001”.  Line CSS and device CSS are concatenated with line CSS on top of device CSS.  Route pattern 300X is eliminated because other entries are better matches.  Two entries in different partitions (Chicago and Atlanta) found by best-match algorithm.  Best match of first listed partition (Chicago) is used. Device CSS Line CSS Partition Chicago Phone 2-13001 Partition Atlanta Phone 3-13001 Partition San Jose Route Pattern300X

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-16 CSS InternalCSS LocalCSS LDCSS International Partition Phones (all Phone DNs) Partition Local-PSTN 9[2-9]XXXXXX Partition LD-PSTN 91[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX Partition Intl-PSTN 9011!# Assigned CSS determines calling privilege X X X X XX Internal Calls Local Calls Long-Distance Calls International Calls Class of Service Sample Scenario

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-17 Configuring Partitions and Calling Search Spaces There are two steps of configuration:  Partition configuration in Cisco Unified CM: 1.Create new partitions. 2.Assign partitions to directory numbers, route patterns, translation patterns.  Calling search spaces configuration in Cisco Unified CM: 1.Create new calling search space. 2.Select list of partitions for each calling search space. 3.Assign calling search space to lines, devices, and translation patterns.

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-20 Creating a Calling Search Space Add or remove highlighted partition to or from CSS Change order of partitions in CSS by moving highlighted partition up or down

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-23 Time-of-Day Routing Overview  Time and date information can be applied to partitions.  CSSs that include such a partition only have access to the partition if the current date and time match the time and date information applied to the partition.  Allows different routing based on time –Identical route pattern is put into multiple partitions. –At least one partition has time information applied. –If this partition is listed first in CSSs, it will take precedence over other partition during the time applied to the partition. –If time does not match, second partition of CSS is used (first one is ignored due to invalid time).

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-24 Time-of-Day Routing Applications  Allow international calls only during office hours (based on the time zone of the caller)  Block international calls on holidays  Other applications in which you want to control the calling search space based on the time of day: –Least cost routing:  Multiple providers for international calls  Different prices per hours of the day  Time-of-day routing allows dialing different providers for same destination (country) based on time

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-25 Time Periods and Time Schedules Time period  Time range defined by start and end time  Repetition interval—Days of the week or specified calendar date  Associated with time schedules Time schedule  Group of time periods  Assigned to partitions  Determines the partitions that calling devices search when they are attempting to complete a call during a particular time of day Partition weekdayhrs_TP0800–1700 M – F weekendhrs_TP0800–1700 Sat – Sun newyears_TP 0000–2400 January 1 noofficehours_TP Sat – Sun weekdayhrs_TP RegEmployees_TS CiscoAustin_PT RegEmployees_TS Start–End Repetition Time Periods Time Schedule Time Periods

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-26 Example: Block International Calls During Weekends and on January 1 Dials 9.0114369918900009 Current Time: 20:00 Current Day: Sat CSS: Weekend Standard Route Pattern: 9.011! Partition: Standard Route to PSTN Partition Standard: (no time schedule) Dials 9.0114369918900009 Current Time: 10:00 Current Day: Wed 1 2 Route Pattern: 9.011! Partition: Weekend Block This Pattern! Partition Weekend: Time Schedule: TS1 Time Schedule TS1: Time Period: TP1, TP2 TP1: 00:00–24:00 Sat-Sun TP2: 00:00–24:00 Jan 1 First Partition (Weekend) is ignored because no time match. Pattern not blocked. First Partition (Weekend) is active, matched, and listed first. Pattern blocked.

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-28 Creating Time Periods TP1 is active Saturday and Sunday from 00:00 to 24:00 TP2 is active Jan 1 from 0:00 to 24:00 TP2 is active Jan 1 from 00:00 to 24:00

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-30 Assigning Time Schedules to Partition Set fixed time zone or use time zone of call originating device Partition is only active in CSS if call is placed during time specified in time schedule. Assign time schedule to partition

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-32 Client Matter Codes and Forced Authorization Codes  CMC: Forces the user to enter any configured CMC –Allows for billing and tracking of calls made per client  FAC: Forces the user to enter a configured authorization code with a high-enough authorization level –Prevents unauthorized user from making toll calls –Can be combined with time-of-day routing (e.g., international calls outside business hours require FAC)  Both generate Call Detail Records

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-33 CMC Call: Successful Call 912125551212 Play Tone 1234# (Code) Extend Call to Gateway 1.Dial number that goes to CMC-enabled route pattern 2.Unified CM tells phone to play tone to prompt for CMC 3.User enters valid code number 4.Call extended 5.Generate CDR for billing CMC: 1234 1244 3489 User A Voice GW

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-34 CMC Call: Call Failure 912125551212 Play Tone 5555# (Code) 1.Dial number that goes to a CMC-enabled route pattern 2.Unified CM tells phone to play tone to prompt for CMC 3.User enters invalid CMC number 4.User receives reorder tone 5.Generate CDR to log attempt Play Reorder Tone User A Voice GW CMC: 1234 1244 3489

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-35 FAC Call: Successful Call User A 912125551212 Play Tone 1888# (FAC Code) Extend Call to Gateway 1.Dial number that goes to an FAC-enabled route pattern 2.Unified CM tells phone to play tone 3.User enters authorization code 4.Code is known and authorization level is not lower than required level configured at route pattern 5.Call extended 6.Generate CDR Voice FAC: 1234: Level 1 1244: Level 2 1888: Level 7

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-36 FAC Call: Call Failure User A 912125551212 Play Tone 1234# (FAC Code) 1.Dial number that goes to an FAC-enabled route pattern 2.Unified CM tells phone to play tone 3.User enters authorization code 4.Code is not known or its authorization level is lower than the one configured at the route pattern 5.User receives reorder tone 6.Generate CDR to log attempt Voice FAC: 1234: Level 1 1244: Level 2 1888: Level 7 Play Reorder Tone

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-38 Different Ways Of Using Calling Privileges Configuration Tools Partitions and CSS are primarily used to implement class of service.  Primariliy used to implement class of service when you must to permit or deny access to a certain number –International versus long distance versus local –Direct access to managers versus going through assistant –Can include time of day or require an authorization code  Configuration tools can also be used for applications such as these. –Vanity numbers: depending on who is calling a number, the call is routed differently –Time of day-based path selection: depending on time a number is called, call is routed differently –Private line, automatic ringdown (PLAR): automatically dial one specific number when phone goes off-hook

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-39 Calling Privileges Application Examples ApplicationsDescription Class of service: Limiting access to certain destinations Traditional calling privileges; who is allowed to call where or whom. 911 emergency calls and vanity numbers All users dial the same number, but depending on the caller, the call goes to a different destination. Time of day-based carrier selection Time-of-day routing is used to select different carriers based on the time of the day. Mandatory call accounting Calls must be flagged: Business versus private calls, client-based call accounting and billing, etc. PLAR Going off-hook connects the phone to a specific destination; user cannot dial.

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-41 Class of Service Employee Long Distance International Class of Service 1 Lobby Class of Service 2 EmployeeExecutive Collection of calling permissions assigned to individual users. Local PSTN Emergency

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-42 Implementing CoS: Traditional Approach  Place external route patterns in partitions associated with the destinations that they can call  Configure each calling search space to be able to reach only the partitions associated with its call restriction policy  Assign these calling search spaces to the phones by configuring them on the Unified CM device pages (all lines on the device automatically receive the same CoS)

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-43 Traditional Approach – Example: Single Site Calling Search Spaces Partitions Route Lists Route Groups Devices Calling Search Space assigned to device based on class of service Intl.pt LD_pt Internal_pt PSTN RL PSTN RG Route Patterns PSTN Intl_css Local_css LD_css Local_pt All IP Phones 911 9.911 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011# 9.1[2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXX Internal_css

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-44 Traditional Approach – Example: Multiple Sites Partitions On Cluster Local_pt IP Phones Shared VM ports, MeetMe… Site1Emergency Site Local Local_pt Site1National Site1International SiteNEmergency Local_pt SiteNLocal Local_pt SiteNNational SiteNInternational Device Calling Search Spaces (4 for site 1) Device Calling Search Spaces (4 for site N) Site N Gateways Site 1 Gateways Route Lists/Route GroupsCalling Search Spaces NRL 1RL1RG NRG Site1Internal Site1Local Site1National Site1International SiteNInternal SiteNLocal SiteNNational SiteNInternational 9.11 9.911 9.1[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX 9.011! 9.011!# 9.11 9.911 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX 9.011! 9.011!#

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-45 Line Device Approach: Improves Scalability Significantly decreases the total number of partitions and CSS required.  Use the device calling search space to provide call routing information (for example, which gateway to select for all PSTN calls).  Use the line calling search space to provide class of service information (for example, which of the PSTN calls to block).

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-46 Line Device Approach – Concept  Device CSS contains only one partition with route patterns to all PSTN numbers using a specific PSTN gateway.  For each PSTN gateway, route patterns exist once in a different partition.  Line CSS contains a partition with a single route pattern that matches international numbers and has been configured as a blocked pattern.  Regardless of the used gateway, this same partition can be used to block international calls. Block Int’l Partition Line CSS PSTN Partition Device CSS 9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! PSTN Partition 9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! Block Int’l Partition 9.011! Resulting CSS “Routed” Route Patterns “Blocked” Route/Translation Patterns Device CSS allows access to all external routes Line CSS selectively blocks undesired routes (according to class of service) Line Device

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-47 Line Device Approach – Example: Multiple Sites BlockLocalPSTN 9.[2-9]XXXXXX BlockNationalPSTN 9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX BlockIntlPSTN 9.011! 9.011!# NoBlock 1 RL N RL PSTN Partition 9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.911 OnCluster IP Phones Shared VM Ports, MeetMe… 9.11 9.911! 9.011!# SiteNPSTN 9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.911 9.11 9.911! 9.011!# 1 RG Site 1 Gateways N RG Site N Gateways Calling Search Spaces Partitions Route Lists Route Groups Device CSS (1 for site 1) Device CSS (1 for site N) SiteNDevices Site1Devices Internal Local National International Line CSS (4 Global) Empty

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-49 911 Emergency Number 911 is a single number to call for medical, fire, and police emergencies, legislated in Canada and United States:  Calls to 911 are routed to a PSAP. The PSAP is the first-tier triage call center for emergency calls.  911 calls must always be sent to the local PSAP.  Calls to the same number must be routed differently per phone (location).

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-50 Vanity Numbers  Vanity numbers provide a certain local service  Same number regardless of your physical location  Examples: –Dial 7999 at any site to get local IT support (on-net) –Dial 7998 at any site to get local travel agency (off-net)  Number can be a route pattern, directory number, or hunt pilot  911 emergency dialing has the same basic concept –Dial 911 at any site to get to local emergency services (off-net, emergency call)

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-51 Implementing Emergency and Vanity Numbers in Unified CM  Create a site-specific partition for each physical location.  For each service, configure the same vanity number (route pattern or directory number or hunt pilot) once per physical location and apply respective site-specific partition.  Put the appropriate site-specific partition into the CSS of phones.

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-52 Vanity Number Example CSS: San Jose Standard Both users dial 7999 for local IT helpdesk. San Jose user is connected to San Jose helpdesk phone. New York user is connected to New York helpdesk phone. CSS: New York Standard DN: 7999 Partition: San Jose DN: 7999 Partition: New York IT Helpdesk San Jose IT Helpdesk New York San Jose Phone New York Phone

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-54 Implementing Time of Day-Based Carrier Selection Different approaches depending on scenario:  Dedicated gateway per carrier –Configure required route patterns (international, long distance, local, etc.) once per carrier pointing to appropriate carrier gateway; put route patterns into a carrier-specific partition –Apply time-of-day settings to each partition and include all partitions in CSS of phones  Single PSTN access with carrier access code (1010) and 3-digit carrier identification code –Configure route patterns; once per carrier and transform dialed number to include carrier access and carrier identification codes; put them into a carrier-specific partition –Apply time-of-day settings to each partition and include all partitions in CSS of phones

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-55 Time of Day-Based Carrier Selection Example If call is placed during business hours, partition C111 (currently active and listed first in CSS) is used: 9-011-43-699-18900009 is changed to 1010-111- 011-43-699-18900009 Route pattern: 9011.! Partition: C111 (time schedule for business hours) DDI: PreDot Prefix: 1010111011 Route pattern: 9.011! Partition: Standard (no time schedule) DDI: PreDot CSS: C111 Standard User dials 9-011- 43-699-18900009 If call is placed outside business hours, partition C111 is currently not active and Standard partition is used: 9-011-43-699-18900009 is changed to 011-43- 699-18900009

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-57 Implementing PLAR Use PLAR to make a phone dial a predefined number when the phone goes off-hook.  Implemented by using partitions, CSS, and translation patterns –Translation pattern with a null-string pattern is created and put into a partition –Dialed number (null-string) is transformed to PLAR destination number –Partition is the only entry in CSS of phone –Translation pattern requires access to PLAR destination (CSS with partition of PLAR destination or no partition at PLAR destination)  When phone goes off-hook, the dialed string (null string to indicate off- hook status) matches the translation pattern and is translated to PLAR number

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-58 PLAR Example Phone1 has only access to translation pattern with null string pattern. When Phone1 goes off- hook, the pattern is matched. Pattern is translated to 1234. Translation pattern uses CSS Phones and has only access to Phone2 – not to Phone3. Call is set up to Phone2. Translation pattern: “” (null string) Partition: PLAR1234 Called Party Transformation Mask: 1234 CSS: Phones CSS: PLAR1234 User goes off-hook Phone1 Phone3 DN: 1234 Partition: Hidden Phone2 DN: 1234 Partition: Phones

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-59 Summary  Calling privileges are implemented to implement class of service or special applications that require calls to be treated differently depending on the caller.  Partitions are groups of called numbers with identical reachability characteristics. CSS are lists of partitions, that the owner of the CSS has access to.  Time Schedules and Time Periods are used to activate or deactivate partitions within a CSS depending on time and or date information.  Client Matter Codes are used to track calls to certain clients by requesting the CMC to be entered and adding it into CDR. FAC are used to allow access to route patterns only if an authorization code with a high-enough level is entered when requested.

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-60 Summary (Cont.)  Calling privileges applications include implementation of class of service, vanity numbers, time-based route or carrier selection, and PLAR.  Complexity of CoS implementation at IP phones can be reduced by using the line device approach, which allows the effective CSS to be composed of a line and device CSS (in this order).  Vanity numbers provide access to local services by dialing the same number from any physical location.  Time schedules and time periods can be used to route calls via different gateways or carriers, depending on the time of the day or date in order to take advantage of the cheapest rate at any time.  PLAR, a function in which a phone is automatically connected to a predefined number when it goes off-hook, is implemented by using null string translation patterns, partitions, and CSS.

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-1 Enabling Single-Site On-Net Calling Implementing Calling Privileges in Cisco Unified Communications.

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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-1 Enabling Single-Site On-Net Calling Implementing Calling Privileges in Cisco Unified Communications.

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Presentation on theme: "© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CIPT1 v6.0—4-1 Enabling Single-Site On-Net Calling Implementing Calling Privileges in Cisco Unified Communications."— Presentation transcript:

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