1. BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus Intrusion Detection Mechanisms for Peer-to-Peer Networks – Pratik Narang

2. Acknowledgements  Dr. Chittaranjan Hota (BITS – Pilani, Hyderabad)  Dr. V.N. Venkatakrishnan (University of Illinois at Chicago)  Dr. Nasir Memon (New York University, Abu Dhabi)  Supported by

3. Introduction  What are P2P networks ?  What’s a bot ?  What are botnets ?  What are Peer-to-Peer based botnets ?

4. Peer-to-Peers networks  are distributed systems consisting of interconnected nodes  are able to be self-organized into network topologies  are built with purpose of sharing resources such as content, CPU cycles, storage and bandwidth  Famous applications-  BitTorrent  Skype  eMule  SETI @ home

5. Peer-to-Peers networks A D EF G H F H G A E C C B P2P overlay layer Native IP layer D B AS 1 AS 2 AS 3 AS 4 AS 5 AS 6

6. Generic P2P architecture Capability & Configuration Peer Role Selection Operating System NAT/ Firewall Traversal Routing and Forwarding Neighbor Discovery Join/Leave Bootstrap Overlay Messaging API Content Storage Search API

7. P2P: uses & misuses

8. Traditional Botnets Bot-Master

9. Peer-to-Peer Botnets Source: www.lightcyber.com

10. Dataset BotnetWhat it does?Type /Size of dataSource of data Sality Infects executable files, attempts to disable security software. Binary (.exe) fileGenerated on testbed StormEmail Spam.pcap file/ 4.8 GB Obtained from Univ. of Georgia WaledacEmail spam, password stealing.pcap file/ 1.1 GB Obtained from Univ. of Georgia ZeuS Steals banking information by MITM key logging and form grabbing.pcap file/ 1 GB Obtained from Univ. of Georgia and CVUT Prague + Generated on testbed NugacheEmail spam.pcap file/ 58 MB Obtained from University of Texas at Dallas and multiple P2P applications, web traffic, etc.

11. P2P apps v/s P2P bots A human user – ‘bursty’ traffic High volume of data transfers seen Small inter-arrival time of packets seen in apps Automated / scripted commands Low in volume, high in duration Large inter-arrival time of packets seen in stealthy bots  Applications:  Botnets: * Both randomize ports, use TCP as well as UDP

13. Approach  Gather five-tuple flows from network traffic  Flows: IP1, IP1-port, IP2, IP2-port, protocol  Cluster flows based on bi-directional features  Protocol, Packets per sec (f/w), Packets per sec (b/w), Avg. Payload size (f/w), and Avg. Payload size (b/w)  Create two-tuple conversations within each cluster  Conversations: IP1, IP2  For each tuple, extract 4 features : – The duration of the conversation – The number of packets exchanged in the conversation – The volume of the conversation (no. of bytes) – The Median value of the inter-arrival time of packets in the conversation  Differentiate between and categorize P2P apps & bots with these features

14. Architecture

15. Data crunching

16. Results Performance of classifiers on test data Performance of classifiers on unseen P2P botnets PeerShark: Detecting P2P Botnets by Tracking Conversations. Presented at IEEE Security & Privacy Workshops (co-located with the 35th IEEE Symposium on Security & Privacy), San Jose, USA, May 2014. (Pratik Narang, Subhajit Ray, Chittaranjan Hota and V.N. Venkatakrishnan). PeerShark: Flow-clustering and Conversation-generation for Malicious P2P traffic Identification. The EURASIP Journal on Information Security 2014, 2014:15. (Pratik Narang, Chittaranjan Hota and V.N. Venkatakrishnan)

17. Other tracks

18. Signal-processing Techniques for P2P Botnet Detection  Approach & Contributions:  To uncover hidden patterns between the communications of bots, we convert the time-domain network communication of peers to the frequency-domain.  We extract 2-tuple conversations from network traffic and treat those conversations as a signal.  We extract several ‘signal-processing’ based features using Fourier Transforms and Shannon's Entropy theory.  We calculate:  FFT(inter-arrival_time)  FFT(payload_sizes)  Compression-ratio(payload_sizes)

19. Packet Validation and Filtering Module Conversation Creation Module P2P botnets identified Valid packets Discarded packets Malicious conversation Benign conversation Feature Set Extraction Module Signal- processing based features Machine Learning based modules Network- behavior based features Extracted Features Machine-learning Approaches for P2P Botnet Detection using Signal-processing Techniques. The 8th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems (DEBS’ 14), ACM SIGMOD/SIGSOFT, Mumbai, India, pp. 338-341, May 2014. (Pratik Narang, Vansh Khurana and Chittaranjan Hota) Signal-processing Techniques for P2P Botnet Detection

20. Host-based approach using Hadoop … Data nodes P2P bots detected Name node 2. Parse Packets with Tshark 5. Feature set evaluated against models built with Mahout 4. Host-based features extracted with Hive 3. Push data to HDFS 1. Data collection Trigger Firewall rules Distributed Systems LabStudent Hostels Hades: A Hadoop-based Framework for Detection of Peer-to-Peer Botnets. The 20 th International Conference on Management of Data (COMAD) 2014, Hyderabad, Dec 2014. (Pratik Narang, Abhishek Thakur and Chittaranjan Hota)

21. Code: www.github.com/pratiknarang Feedback: pratiknarang@outlook.com