1. The Internet and World Wide Web
Ilona Kane

2. The Internet
A worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.
Internet’s Resources
Access to information and research
Communicate with others around the world
Bank, Shop, Download music and movies
Access other computers and exchange files

3. History of the Internet
ARPA underwent phenomenal growth as researchers realized the great benefit to sharing information
In 1986, the National Science Foundation, (NSF) connected its huge network of five supercomputer centers, called NSFnet to ARPANET forming the complex networks and hosts known as the Internet today
The Internet traffic today is handled by a variety of corporations and commercial firms, who along with telephone, cable, and satellite companies contribute to the internal structure of the internet.
Started by the Pentagon’s networking project known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
ARPA is an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense whose goal was to create a network that:
Allowed scientists at different locations to share information and work together on military and scientific projects
Could function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster such as a nuclear attack
This network is known as the ARPANET

4. How the Internet Works Internet Service Providers 2 major types:
Is a business that has a permanent Internet connection and offers temporary connections to individuals and companies free or for a fee
2 major types:
Regional ISP- provides access to the Internet through one or more telephone numbers local to a specific geographic area
National ISP- a larger business that provides local telephone numbers in major cities and towns nationwide
Online Service provider- supplies Internet access, but has many members-only features that offer a variety of special content and services such as weather, games, and travel guides
Wireless Service Provider- provides wireless Internet access to users with wireless modems or Web-enabled computer devices

5. Connecting to the Internet
Dial-up access
Provides an easy and inexpensive way for users to connect to the Internet
Uses a computer, a modem, and a regular telephone line to dial into an ISP or OSP
Slow-speed technology
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Provides high-speed connections over a regular copper telephone line
Cable Modem
Provides high-speed Internet connections through the cable television network
Along with DSL costs 2xs as much as dial-up

6. How Data Travels the Internet
Internet Addresses
Connection to the Internet is a transfer of data around the world using servers and clients
Server- computer that manages the resources on a network and provides a central storage area for resources such as programs and data
Client- a computer that can access the contents of the storage area on a server
IP Address- (Internet Protocol Address) is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet
Domain name- the text version of an IP address
DNS server- translates the domain name into its associated IP address, so data can route to the correct computer
The inner structure of the Internet works like a transportation system. Several main communication lines carry the heaviest amount of traffic on the Internet= BACKBONE

7. The World Wide Web
Consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents, also known as Web pages
A collection of related Web pages- Web Site

8. Browsing the Web
Web browser- a software program that allows you to access and view Web pages
Most widely used:
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Netscape
Home page- starting page for a browser
Provides information about the Web site’s purpose and content
Hyperlink- (link) a built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a web page
DOWNLOADING is the process of receiving information such as a web page onto your computer from a server on the Internet

9. Uniform Resource Locator
Is a Web page’s unique address
Tells the browser where to locate the document
Makes it possible for you to navigate using links
Typical URL:
http = protcol
= domain name
/students/home.htm = path

10. Search Engines
Is a software program you can use to find Web sites, Web pages, and Internet files
Are specifically useful when the exact URL is not known
Common Search Engines include:
Dogpile, Excite, Yahoo, Google, Lycos
Sources: dogpile.com, excite.com, yahoo.com, google.com, lycos.com

11. Types of Web Pages
Portal Web Page- offers a variety of Internet services from a single convenient location
Offer search engine
News reports
Weather
Personalized web pages
Chat rooms
News Web Page- contains news worthy material including stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, and sports

12. More Web Pages
3. Informational Web Page- contains factual information such as census data, tax codes, published research findings
4. Business/Marketing Web Page- contains content that promotes or sells products or services
Such companies include: AT&T, and the Disney Co.
5. Advocacy Page- acts as a device to convince the reader of the validity of the content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea
6. Personal Web Page- established by a private individual who normally is not associated with any organization
To use for job hunting or to share life experiences

13. Multimedia on the Web
Any application that integrates texts with one or more of the following elements: graphics, sound, video, and virtual reality
Graphics- a digital representation of information such as a drawing, chart, or photograph
Animation- the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in a rapid sequence
Makes pages more visually interesting and draws attention
Audio- music, speech, or any other sounds
MP3 is a popular technology that compresses audio
Streaming- the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow
Important because most users do not have a fast enough Internet connection
These applications bring the Web site back to life and has much more appeal to the audience

14. More Multimedia Video- images that are played back at various speeds
Consist of individual video files, such as movies or TV clips, that you download
Web cam- a video camera whose output displays on a Web page
Virtual Reality- the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a 3D space
Often used for scientific models, architectural layouts, and games

15. Webcasting Push Technology Pull Technology
1. a server automatically downloads content to your computer at regular intervals or whenever updates are made to the site
2. Example: current sporting event scores displayed on your desktop
Pull Technology
Method of obtaining information which relies on a client such as your computer to request a Web page from a server
Example: enter a URL or click a link
Webcasting – uses pull technology, push technology and/or streaming media to deliver information at regualr intervals without you having to request it, or to deliver live recorded sound and video broadcast to your computer

16. Creating a Web Site Web page authorizing
Involves working on the computer to compose the Web site
Word processing packages help create basic web pages that contain text and graphics
Web page authorizing software
Is specifically to help create a web page
Used to create more sophisticated web pages that include animation, video, and sound
When using a word processing or Web page authorizing software, the Web page is saved in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Is a set of special codes that format a file for use on a web page

17. Deploying and Maintaining a Web Site
Store a created Web page on a Web server
Many ISPs and OSPs provide their customers with a Web address and storage space for the Web site
Web hosting Services- provide storage for your Web site for a monthly fee
Upload the Web site- copy it from your computer to the Web server
Submission Service- a Web-based business that offers a registration package in which you pay to register with hundreds of search engines
Webmaster- the individual responsible for maintaining a Web site and developing Web pages

18. E-mail The transmission of messages and files via a computer network
One of the original services of the Internet
address- combination of user name and domain name that identifies a user
Address Book- program in that a contains a list of names and addresses
Mailbox- a storage location usually residing on the computer that connects you to the Internet
Mention that the server that contains the mailboxes is often called a MAIL SERVER

19. Web-based Groups
Message Board- type of discussion group, also known as a discussion board
Mailing Lists- a group of names and addresses
Chat rooms- a location on the Internet server that allows a real-time conversation to take place on a computer
Instant Messaging- a real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and allows you to exchange messages or files
Message boards involve posting your opinions or questions as well as reading other peoples posting.
When you add your name to a mailing list, you SUBSCRIBE to it

20. Sources Discovering Computers 2003 Web sites- Aol.com Dogpile.com
Excite.com
Google.com
Lycos.com
Msn.com
Yahoo.com