EMB308 Developing a Windows CE 5.0 OAL

EMB308 Developing a Windows CE 5.0 OAL
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM EMB308 Developing a Windows CE 5.0 OAL Mark Plagge – Lead Program Manager Greg Prier – BSP Test Lead Windows CE Core OS Team Microsoft Corporation © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005
4/20/2017 3:24 PM © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Hardware/Drivers OEM/IHV Supplied BSP (ARM, SH4, MIPS) OEM Hardware and Standard Drivers Standard PC Hardware and Drivers Windows XP DDK Device Building Tools Platform Builder Windows Embedded Studio Data Lightweight Relational EDB SQL Server 2005 Express Edition SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition SQL Server 2005 Native Managed Server Side Win32 Programming Model MFC 8.0, ATL 8.0 .NET Compact Framework .NET Framework ASP.NET Mobile Controls ASP.NET Multimedia Windows Media DirectX Location Services MapPoint Development Tools Visual Studio 2005 Internet Security and Acceleration Server Communications & Messaging Exchange Server Live Communications Server Speech Server Device Update Agent Management Tools Image Update Software Update Services Systems Management Server Microsoft Operations Manager © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Agenda Windows CE 5.0 BSPs and Kernels Development Process OAL Architecture and Design Boot Sequence and Required OAL Functions Kernel and KITL Optional OAL Functions Building Power Management OAL Testing – Greg Prier MEDC Call to Action Questions? Additional Information Best Practices/Recommendations © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Windows CE 5.0 BSPs Windows CE 5.0 BSPs/CSPs Family BSP/CSP Kernel ARM Intel Mainstone II ARMV4I Samsung SMDK-2410 CSP Only - Intel Xscale Lubbock MIPS AMD DBAu1000 MIPSII AMD DBAu1100 AMD DBAu1500 NEC Solution Gear2 Vr4131 MIPSII (MIPS16) NEC Solution Gear2 Vr5500 MIPSII & II_PF, MIPSIV & IV_FP Broadcom VoIP Reference SH SH4 Aspen SH4 x86 x86 (CEPC) x86 Emulator Geode Intel Assabet and Lubbock (use Mainstone II) ARM Integrator (use Samsung SMDK2410) SH3 Keywest (deprecated) BSPs NO LONGER SUPPORTED © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Windows CE 5.0 Kernels Kernels & OS builds in 4.2 = 9 ARMV4, ARMV4I, ARMV4T MIPSIIB/16, MIPSII, MIPSII_FP, MIPSIV, MIPSIV_FP SH3, SH4 x86 Kernels & OS builds in 5.0 = 7 ARMV4I, ARMV4 MIPSII, MIPSII_FP, MIPSIV, MIPSIV_FP SH4, SH3 © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

BSP Development Process
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM BSP Development Process Test Hardware, Rom Monitor Clone Reference BSP Develop Boot Loader Power Management Add Device Drivers Develop OAL (Minimal Kernel) Package (CEC/MSI) © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Boot Loader Architecture
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM Boot Loader Architecture A typical development boot loader blcommon OEM code eboot RTL8139 DP83815 bootpart NE2000 … flash FMD EDBG drivers © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Bootloader Architecture
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM Bootloader Architecture Blcommon – generic boot loader framework OEM code – general board init and extensions Eboot – Ethernet functions (UDP, DHCP, TFTP) EDBG drivers – Ethernet drivers 3Com 3C90x, AMD AM79C97x, CS8900A, NS DP83815, NE2000, RealTek RTL8139, SMSC9000 & SMSC100 Bootpart – storage partition management FMD – flash management driver Samsung/Sandisk (NAND), Intel StrataFlash (NOR) © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Windows CE 5.0 BSPs Reduce OS “bring-up” time on OEM hardware Avoid changing the "public" OAL interface Provide production features (power management, performance optimizations, IOCTLs, etc.) Maximize code re-use (and testing) Provide a consistent OAL architecture that can be easily extended/customized Increase BSP coverage in-the-box One BSP for each supported CPU Integrate BSPs into the IDE Catalog Integrate BSPs into the Platform Wizard Enable third parties to create BSPs easily Ship CSP drivers for many CPUs and SOCs PB Tools - BSP Wizard and IDE tools Enables faster, easier porting to OEM devices © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM PQOAL Design Collection of OAL software libraries organized by CPU architecture (or model) and by OAL “function” Common Code Directory Structure BSP configuration files are located in a single location (platform\<BSP>\src\inc) Chip/set Support Package (CSP) drivers share include files that define hardware registers and layout Kernel OAL Library RTC OS Timer Library Library Cache Library Startup Interrupt Library Library IOCTL Library KITL RTC Timers Caches USB port Ethernet port Serial port Hardware © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Directory Structure Example
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM Directory Structure Example Common code directory BSP code directory platform\common\src inc ARM common cache memory ARM720T ARM920T Intel Samsung S3C2410 interrupt power RTC startup timer MIPS, SHx, x86 platform\<BSP_name> cesysgen files intltrns 0409 … src bootloader kernel OAL kern kernkitl kernkitlprof inc common debug drivers PCMCIA © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

BSP Configuration Files
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM BSP Configuration Files BSP configuration files are located in a single location (platform\<BSP>\src\inc) Simplifies porting/customization work Consistent file naming scheme args.h – bootloader-OAL shared memory structure bsp.h – master bsp include file bsp_base_regs.h – board-level address definitions bsp_cfg.h – general BSP configs (device name, clock settings,…) image_cfg.h – memory layout address definitions ioctl_cfg.h – definitions used by BSP IOCTL routines ioctl_tab.h – IOCTL function table kitl_cfg.h – KITL transport name/device/driver table oemaddrtab_cfg.inc – (ARM/x86) VA-PA mapping table © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Shared Design Chip/set Support Package (CSP) drivers will share include files that define hardware registers and layout public\common\oak\csp\arm\samsung\s3c2410x\inc: s3c2410x.h s3c2410x.inc s3c2410x_adc.h s3c2410x_base_regs.h s3c2410x_base_regs.inc s3c2410x_clkpwr.h s3c2410x_dma.h s3c2410x_iicbus.h s3c2410x_iisbus.h s3c2410x_intr.h s3c2410x_ioport.h s3c2410x_lcd.h s3c2410x_memctrl.h s3c2410x_nand.h s3c2410x_pwm.h s3c2410x_rtc.h s3c2410x_sdi.h s3c2410x_spi.h s3c2410x_uart.h s3c2410x_usbd.h s3c2410x_wdog.h © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Creating A BSP BSP wizard IDE Tool to clone BSP or create a BSP definition Can add/remove drivers to a BSP definition Export wizard IDE Tool to export feature components from the IDE Catalog to other PB users Creates a MS Windows Installer (MSI) file CEC editor IDE Tool to create and/or edit .CEC files A .CEC file defines the properties of an object/component in the IDE catalog No more .bsp files Two methods to create a BSP Use the command line method Use the BSP Wizard Both methods rely on cloning a sample BSP © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Creating An OAL Create directory for OAL code in the BSP platform\<BSPname>\kernel\oal Add <dirname> to “dirs” file to build OAL with BSP Required OAL functions Startup Debug serial OEMInit System timer Interrupt processing Kernel input/output, KITL Optional OAL functions (Platform Dependent) Real-time clock and timer Parallel port I/O code Ethernet port debug More information in PB docs “How-to Create an OEM adaptation layer” © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM CE 5.0 Boot Sequence Boot loader startup sequence Startup() EbootMain() BootloaderMain() OEMDebugInit() OEMPlatformInit() OEMPreDownload() Download Occurs OEMLaunch() Kernel startup sequence Startup() KernelStart() ARMInit() OEMInitDebugSerial() OEMInit() KernelInit() HeapInit() InitMemoryPool() ProcInit() SchedInit() FirstSchedule() SystemStartupFunc() IOCTL_HAL_POSTINIT © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Required OAL Functions
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM Required OAL Functions Startup Debug Serial OEMInit System Timer Interrupt Processing Kernel Input/Output Example: Custom Kernel IOCTL KITL © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM StartUp First function called when target device boots Purpose is to initialize CPU to known state and to call the kernel initialization function (KernelInitialize for x86 and KernelStart on all other platforms) LEAF_ENTRY StartUp . . . ; Initialize CPU to a known state ; Set up OEMAddressTable for KernelStart bl KernelStart ; KernelStart should never return ARM example © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Debug Serial OEMInitDebugSerial() Configures Speed, Parity, Stop bit length OEMReadDebugByte() Retrieves a byte from the debug monitor port OEMWriteDebugByte() Outputs a byte to the debug monitor port OEMWriteDebugString() Writes a string to the debug monitor port © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM OEMInit Required task is to set up hardware and register interrupt for the system tick ISRs and HookInterrupt Setting Up the Interrupt Map Define a mapping of Interrupt IDs Mapping can be dynamic at driver load time Interrupt IDs’ are returned by the ISRs to the kernel and are used to link an incoming IRQ with a software IST © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM OEMInit: An Example Void OEMInit() { SetUpInterruptMap(); PCIInitBusInfo(); InitDebugEther(); OEMParallelPortInit() InitPICs(); InitClock(); if (MainMemoryEndAddress == CEPC_EXTRA_RAM_START) { MainMemoryEndAddress += IsDRAM(MainMemoryEndAddress, CEPC_EXTRA_RAM_SIZE); } pKDIoControl = OEMKDIoControl; © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Interrupt Processing OEMInterruptEnable() Performs hardware operations necessary to allow a device to generate the specified interrupt Includes Setting a hardware priority for the device Setting a hardware interrupt enable port Clearing any pending interrupt conditions from the device OEMInterruptDisable() Disables the specified hardware interrupt OEMInterruptDone() Unmasked and reenables of interrupt processing © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Interrupt Processing OEMGetInterrupt() Used by the any device wanting and IRQ. Example PCI bus OEMRequestSysIntr() Used in the OEMIoControl routine to implement IOCTL_HAL_TRANSLATE_IRQ and IOCTL_HAL_REQUEST_SYSINTR OEMTranslateIrq() Used by the main ISR to translate a non-shareable IRQ into a SYSINTR OEMTranslateSysIntr() Translates a SYSINTR to its corresponding IRQ © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM System Timer Make sure the system timer interrupt is registered with the ISR Program the system timer to generate an interrupt every 1ms Can also support variable tick In the system timer ISR, update the global system tick counter CurMSec and CurTicks. If reschedule time is expired then return SYSINTR_Resched else SYSINTR_NOP © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Kernel Libraries Library Description kern.exe kernkitl.exe kernkitlprof.exe basickernel kernel w/ dbg suppt kernel w/ profiling suppt Nk.lib Microprocessor-specific Kernel code that MS supplies X Hal.lib OAL that you implement for target HW NkProf.lib Profile version of the MS Kernel code KITL.lib Kernel Independent Transport Layer (KITL) debugging services SMC9000 Sample Ethernet debugging driver. Must have for KITL suppt FullLibc Microsoft C Run-Time Library © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Kernel Input/Output BOOL OEMIoControl(. . .) { switch (dwIoControlCode) { case IOCTL_HAL_SET_DEVICE_INFO : case IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT: . . . default: return FALSE; } return TRUE; OEMIoControl is called by the kernel when a device driver or application program calls the KernelIoControl function Extend the Ethernet Debugging Interface © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Example: Custom Kernel IOCTL
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM Example: Custom Kernel IOCTL #define IOCTL_MY_CONTROL1 \ CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_HAL, 2048, METHOD_NEITHER, FILE_ANY_ACCESS) BOOL OEMIoControl(. . .) { switch (dwIoControlCode) { case IOCTL_MY_CONTROL1: . . . } RetCode = KernelIoControl( IOCTL_MY_CONTROL1 , ); © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

KITL Kernel Independent Transport Layer
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM KITL Kernel Independent Transport Layer Designed to provide an easy way for you to support any debug service OEM Function to implement is OEMKitlINit Including the KITL support in the operating system image Vmini not always necessary. EDBG driver can talk directly to desktop Passive KITL also available © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Optional OAL Functions
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM Optional OAL Functions Real-time Clock and Timer OEMGetExtensionDRAM() © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Real-time Clock And Timer
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM Real-time Clock And Timer OEMGetRealTime() Called by the kernel to get the time from the real-time clock OEMSetRealTime() Sets the real time clock OEMSetAlarmTime() Sets the alarm time OEMQueryPerformanceCounter() Retrieves the current value of the high-resolution performance counter, if one exists OEMQueryPerformanceFrequency() Retrieves the frequency of the high-resolution performance counter, if one exists © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

OEMGetExtensionDRAM()
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM OEMGetExtensionDRAM() BOOL OEMGetExtensionDRAM(LPDWORD lpMemStart, LPDWORD lpMemLen) { return FALSE; // no extension DRAM } *lpMemStart = 0x ; *lpMemLen = 0x ; // 4MB return TRUE; Example 1 No extension DRAM available Example 2 Extended 4MB DRAM available at 0x pNKEnumExtensionDRAM AND OEMEnumExtensionDRAM © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Building OAL and Kernel
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM Building OAL and Kernel No longer necessary to SYSGEN OAL libraries Shared OAL code is built just before the BSP directory (platform\common) BSP kernel (kern.exe) sources file: TARGETLIBS= \ $(_COMMONOAKROOT)\lib\$(_CPUDEPPATH)\nk.lib \ $(_TARGETPLATROOT)\lib\$(_CPUDEPPATH)\oal.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUINDPATH)\oal_startup_s3c2410x.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUINDPATH)\oal_abort_s3c2410x.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUINDPATH)\oal_cache_s3c2410x.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUINDPATH)\oal_memory_s3c2410x.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUDEPPATH)\oal_io_s3c2410x.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUINDPATH)\oal_intr_s3c2410x.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUINDPATH)\oal_timer_s3c2410x.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUINDPATH)\oal_rtc_s3c2410x.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUINDPATH)\oal_ioctl_s3c2410x.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUDEPPATH)\oal_other.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUDEPPATH)\oal_log.lib \ $(_COMMONOAKROOT)\lib\$(_CPUINDPATH)\ddk_io.lib \ $(_COMMONOAKROOT)\lib\$(_CPUDEPPATH)\kitl.lib \ $(_COMMONOAKROOT)\lib\$(_CPUINDPATH)\fulllibc.lib \ $(_PLATCOMMONLIB)\$(_CPUINDPATH)\oal_ethdrv_cs8900a.lib © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

OAL Power Management Functions
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM OAL Power Management Functions OAL Power Management Functions OEMIdle – Puts the CPU in reduced power mode OEMPowerOff – Puts the CPU in suspend mode Device Drivers Power Management Functions xxx_PowerDown, xxx_PowerUp for stream interface drivers Device-specific functions for other drivers SetInterruptEvent © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM OAL Tests Available in CE 5.0 Timers/Clock support Caches IOCTLs Future Tests Interrupts Memory Configuration KITL and VMINI Bootloader Etc. © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Test Harness CETK tests Can also be run from the standard shell OAL Test Requirements Booting Tinykern KITL connection © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM OAL Timer Tests Three clocks: GTC, RTC, and QPC The Test currently checks Resolution Always increasing (except rollover) Clock drift Compares results against thresholds © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Cache Testing Currently verify correctness, not performance Read and write different patterns into the cache, exercising boundary conditions Allow the tester to confirm the cache parameters © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM IOCTL Testing Confirm that an errant call won’t crash the kernel IOCTL_HAL_GET_DEVICEID IOCTL_HAL_GET_UUID More to come © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM More Information PB docs Source code Lab Testing the Windows CE 5.0 OAL Thursday 11:15 – 12:30 © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM While at MEDC 2005… Fill out an evaluation for this session Randomly selected instant WIN prizes! Visit the Microsoft Product Pavilion in the Exhibit Hall Shorelines B Use real technology in a lab Instructor led Reef E/F & Breakers L Self-paced Reef B/C © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM After The Conference… Build Install Build Join Full-featured trial versions of Windows CE and/or Windows XP Embedded Cool stuff & tell us about it: msdn.microsoft.com/embedded/community Windows Embedded Partner Program: Develop Install Enter Join Windows Mobile 5.0 Eval Kit including Visual Studio 2005 Beta 2 Mobile2Market Contest and win up to $25000: mobile2marketcontest.com Microsoft Solutions Partner Program: partner.microsoft.com © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Tools & Resources Build Develop Websites msdn.microsoft.com/ embedded msdn.microsoft.com/ mobility Newsgroups microsoft.public windowsxp.embedded windowsce.platbuilder windowsce.embedded.vc microsoft.public pocketpc.developer smartphone.developer dotnet.framework.compactframework Blogs blogs.msdn.com/ mikehall blogs.msdn.com/ windowsmobile vsdteam netcfteam Tools Windows CE 5.0 Eval Kit Windows XP Embedded Eval Kit Windows Mobile 5.0 Eval Kit © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Questions? © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM OAL Best Practices Enable KITL Kernel Independent Transport Layer Provides easy way to support any debug service Include KITL support in the OS image Enable Kernel Tracker (CELOG) CELog is the Event Tracking engine that’s loaded into the Kernel PB ships a standard CELOG DLL To enable event tracking, call LoadKernelLibrary with celog.dll Enable Ethernet sharing if single port(VMINI) public\common\oak\drivers\ethdbg\vbridge public\common\oak\drivers\ethdbg\vmini © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM OAL Best Practices Implement PM Functions OEMIdle: Puts CPU in reduced power mode OEMPowerOff: Puts CPU in suspend mode xxx_PowerDown, xxx_PowerUp for stream interface drivers Implement unique device ID for DRM use Implement IOCTL_HAL_GET_UUID ID based upon an OEM-defined device hardware identifier © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM OAL Best Practices Reuse the BSP code provided in CE 5.0 If the %_WINCEROOT%\Platform\Common implementation does not meet your needs, only copy the library that you need to replace Reduce environment variable use Create a different BSP directory for each variation instead of creating just one BSP directory Follow the layout and naming scheme for directories and files so that code can be located more easily © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

OAL Best Practices (Security)
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM OAL Best Practices (Security) Review your BSP code Validate your inputs to make sure that you are only using valid data Make sure that the pointer being provided as data input is not NULL. If you know what the data format should look like, make sure that you validate the data and not use it if the format is wrong Validate the arguments for the IOCTLs Avoid implementing code in the IOCTL that could potentially open your system to attacks; Always review your IOCTL code for security concerns Catch poorly written DMA drivers that use or overuse the FlushDCache or OEMCacheRangeFlush functions Overuse of these two functions in OEM calls or application calls can slow down the system Test your images before releasing them Make sure that you remove code used only for development purposes from your final code or product © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Shared Interrupts Issue/Concern – Providing a single mask for more than one interrupt may results in missed interrupts. Recommendation – Provide a mask for each interrupt as close to the interrupts as possible. Issue/Concern – Mixing edge and level triggering on shared interrupts may result in missed interrupts. Recommendation – Don’t mix edge and level triggering on shared interrupts. Int 1 Int 2 X = Interrupt Mask Int 1 Int 2 X = Interrupt Mask L © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Installable ISR Handler
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM Installable ISR Handler Recommendation Use GIISR.dll when sharing interrupts to keep ISR in OAL simple, which will avoid confusion when adding/deleting/changing interrupts GIISR.dll allows drivers to be plugged in dynamically OAL ISR Int #1 Int #n Shared Interrupts UART.dll X Drivers must register Address and Mask to GIISR.dll GIISR.dll wavedev.dll X UHCI.dll X Put highest priority and most often interrupts at top Generic Installable ISR. Common code keeps track of all interrupt devices associated with IRQ © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM SYSINTR Design Issue/Concern Windows CE provides for 16 reserved and 24 user SYSINTR; As SOC’s (for example) become more and more prevalent, the need for more than 24 user SYSINTR is needed Recommendation Use IST sharing to minimize the number of SYSINTR needed by the design ** Current Macallan plans are to support up to 64 Total SYSINTR; TBD on the number of those to be user SYSINTR UART1.dll X IST Sharing SYSINTR ISR UART2.dll X UART3.dll X © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT Recommendation Implement IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT to be able to reset all board logic; Make sure board level reset reinitializes to boot time state This IOCTL supports a warm boot of the target device; A request to perform a warm boot is made by calling the OEMIoControl function with IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT If a device calls for a reboot and it uses DMA, IOCTL_HAL_REBOOT takes care of memory issues to make sure that RAM doesn’t continue to be updated through DMA from the device CPU Host Bridge Device PCI Bus RAM DMA © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

PCI Host Bridge Aperture Registers
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM PCI Host Bridge Aperture Registers Issue/Concern There is typically not enough space in the memory aperture range in the host bridge Recommendation Use PCI cards with a suitable amount of memory for the for the system selected Example – Perm3 requires 128kb of PCI memory from the PCI bus. Some PCI busses on have 128kb of memory; This starves all other PCI devices PCI Bus Host Bridge CPU Device RAM Aperture Registers © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

PCI Bus Mastering (DMA)
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM PCI Bus Mastering (DMA) Issue/Concern There are typically issues in the way that the PCI bus arbitrates devices that are on the bus; Poor arbitration design can lead to starving other devices, system resources, or hanging the device Recommendation Use proper bus arbitration to allow other devices to use system resources when needed Example – PCMCIA b card owning the bus too long can lead to starving of the LCD because the b card is taking up all CPU time CPU PCI Bus Host Bridge LCD PCI/PCMCIA Bridge 802.11b RAM © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM DMA Routines in CEDDK Recommendation Utilize the CEDDK DMA Routines. CEDDK is an essential tool for creating platform independent device drivers Abstraction of Bus Architectures Abstraction of I/O mechanisms Abstraction of DMA buffer allocation HalTranslateSystemAddress() Translates a system wide address to a bus relative address Default implementation is a 1:1 mapping on PCI only Assumes PCI buses all have access to full RAM space via host bridge HalAllocateCommonBuffer() Allocates a buffer of contiguous physical memory for DMA usage Does NOT allocate DMA channels CEDDK does not provide any abstraction for DMA controllers at this point HalFreeCommonBuffer() Releases a buffer allocated with HalAllocateCommonBuffer() Normally only used when the driver is unloading RAM CPU DMA PCI Bus Device Host Bridge © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM CPU Byte Enable Lines Issue/Concern Variable width transfer bus needs to enable byte lines on reads and writes; Current designs only provide for bytes lanes on writes, which will cause problems with destructive read operations Recommendation Enable byte lines on buses with variable width transfers for reads and writes Byte Enable Lines CPU PCI Bus Host Bridge PCI/PCMCIA Bridge Device Device © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Multiple Hardware Timers
Mobile & Embedded DevCon 2005 4/20/2017 3:24 PM Multiple Hardware Timers Issue/Concern System that provide a single timer for multiple functions can lead to clock error issues Recommendation Provide a single timer that is used for the system 1ms TIC. Provide additional timers for profilers and other OS, Bus, Multimedia needs Fixed interval timers should be avoided in mobile battery-powered systems as there is no way for the kernel to conserve power with OEMIdle © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM Peripheral Devices Recommendations USB Function controller should be able perform disconnect signal and then connect signal either by reset or by program; If these signals are not connected, Windows XP may not be able to determine what state the device is in and ignore the device during device initialization or suspend/resume; USB cable may need to be physically disconnect and reconnected to resolve Ethernet MAC – Provide a default MAC address for all peripheral devices and make sure that they all have unique subnet addresses; MAC addresses located in flash can be erased; We recommend locating the MAC address in a read only location Ethernet MAC – Provide DMA support in Ethernet Controllers © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM OEMAddressTable Issue/Concern Set up the OEMAddressTable efficiently Recommendation Don’t overlap Address Make sure most commonly used components at top of list Make sure design is consistent with config.bib he data must be declared in a READONLY section and there must be at least one non-zero entry for the structure to be valid For x86 platforms, the first entry must identify RAM, and it must start at 0x For ARM platforms, 0x can be mapped to anything The Size must be a multiple of 4MB for x86 platforms and a multiple of 1MB for ARM; The last entry of the table must be zeroed. You can leave holes between ranges but you cannot have overlapping ranges The only valid virtual memory mapping range is from 0x to 0x9FFFFFFF; For every entry created in the table, the kernel creates two virtual address ranges; One exists in the virtual address range from 0x to 0x9FFFFFFF and is memory that has caching and buffering enabled; The second exists in the virtual address range from 0xA to 0xBFFFFFFF and has caching and buffering disabled Any memory that is not mapped at boot time cannot be directly accessed by an interrupt service routine (ISR) without first calling CreateStaticMapping to map the address © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM OEMCacheRangeFlush Recommendation Implement OEMCacheRangeFlush correctly and efficiently Use pre-configured OEMCacheRangeFlush style OEMCacheRangeFlush replaces calls to FlushDCache, FlushICache, and TLBClear in Windows CE .NET 4.2 and later. If you are implementing this function you should perform TLB flushes at the end of the function. For example, if dwFlags==(CACHE_SYNC_DISCARD|CACHE_SYNC_FLUSH_TLB, the cache discard operation is usually performed before the TLB flush Some of the CSP routines reference global variables containing cache and TLB size information; Your platform must resolve these variables. You can further optimize such CSP implementations by hard-coding variables in a private implementation of OEMCacheRangeFlush in your platform; If you want to modify or override CSP implementations of caching code, you must put the relevant source files in the Kernel\Buildexe directory and modify each of the source files in its subdirectories to build the file © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

4/20/2017 3:24 PM © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary. © 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

EMB308 Developing a Windows CE 5.0 OAL

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EMB308 Developing a Windows CE 5.0 OAL

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