1. Particulate Matter Pollution in Australia CENTRE FOR AUSTRALIAN WEATHER AND CLIMATE RESEARCH/CSIRO MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH Melita Keywood and Martin Cope 22 October 2013

2. Air Quality in Australia Although air quality in Australia is generally good Australians consistently rank air pollution as a major environmental concern In 1998, the Ambient Air Quality National Environment Protection Measure (AAQ NEPM) was established to set national ambient air quality standards. These standards cover six pollutants – particles (PM 10 ), ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and lead. State Regulatory Authorities (EPA) –responsible for monitoring and reporting 1998 –main problems are ozone and particles in urban centres, winter time PM10 exceedences due to domestic woodheater emissions 2 |

3. 3 | A success story: Launceston PM10

4. 4 | http://epa.tas.gov.au/documents/annual%20nepm%20report%20air%20quality%20tasmania%202011.pdf Launceston Woodheater Replacement Program http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/index.php?c=172 http://www.launceston.tas.gov.au/lcc/index.php?c=172

5. National Plan for Clean Air In 2011 the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) agreed that the COAG Standing Council on Environment and Water would develop a National Plan for Clean Air to improve air quality, and community health and well being, to be delivered to COAG by the end of 2014. Focus on particles- greatest health benefits to be gained Exposure based http://www.scew.gov.au/coag-strategic- priorities/national-plan-clean-air http://www.scew.gov.au/coag-strategic- priorities/national-plan-clean-air 5 |

6. 2013 Senate Enquiry 154 submissions Recommendations Collection of additional data on ultrafine particles concentration Pollution monitoring should accurately capture population exposure for communities and homes proximate to pollution point sources. Buffer zones be used to protect populated areas from large point-source polluters. Coal mining Woodheaters http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Compl eted_inquiries/2010-13/airquality/report/indexhttp://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Compl eted_inquiries/2010-13/airquality/report/index 6 |

7. Particulate Mass (PM) issues 7 | Transport Domestic heating Industry Episodic but extreme events Smoke from bushfires Dust storms Sydney Oct 17 2013 Picture: DAMIAN SHAW Source: News Limited Melbourne 2003

8. PM2.5 over Australia December 2006 Red = secondary aerosol from smoke Brown =primary aerosol from smoke yellow= dust White = sea salt Purple= isoprene CSIRO CCAM/CTM 8 |

9. Source Type Soil/Crustal Dust Sea saltSmokeVehicles, Industry, Residential Vegetation Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K NaCl VOCs, NOx, Particles VOCNOxSO 2 VOCs Primary Modified by chemical processes Secondary Control Options LowNilLowHigh Medium via NOx

10. Secondary Organic Aerosol 10 |

11. Sydney Particle Study Presentation title | Presenter name 11 | From Branka and Zoran at QUT

12. Biogenics Presentation title | Presenter name 12 |

13. The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research A partnership between CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology Secondary organic aerosols What proportion of the SOA is anthropogenic (VOC control) vs. biogenic (NO x control)?

14. Source Type Soil/Crustal Dust Sea saltSmokeVehicles, Industry, Residential Vegetation Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K NaCl VOCs, NOx, Particles VOCNOxSO 2 VOCs Primary Modified by chemical processes Secondary Control Options LowNilLowHigh Medium via NOx

15. Conclusions Particles continue to be a significant air quality issue in Australia The development of the National Plan for Clean Air will focus on particles because of the size of the health benefits to be gained. Process understanding can lead to successful policy implementation and outcomes e.g. Launceston PM10 reduction Sydney -particle formation and growth events occur on 50% of days in Sydney Sydney > 50% of secondary organic aerosol is formed from oxidation of biogenic VOCs- requires different controls than anthropogenic VOCs 15 |

16. Opportunities for China-Australia Collaboration Australia-China Council Grants Program- annual competitive grants program, the Australia-China Council supports projects across China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau and Australia that deliver tangible outcomes for Australia-China relations in the priority areas of Economics and Trade, Society and Culture and Education and Science http://www.dfat.gov.au/acc/grants/index.html http://www.dfat.gov.au/acc/grants/index.html China Scholarship Council Funding – for PhD Students and Visiting Scholars--Chinese Ministry of Education (MoE) Memorandum of Understanding Australia-China Science and Research Fund (ACSRF) provides support for strategic science and research collaboration of mutual benefit to Australia and China http://www.innovation.gov.au/Science/InternationalCollaboration/ACSR F/Pages/default.aspx http://www.innovation.gov.au/Science/InternationalCollaboration/ACSR F/Pages/default.aspx Australia China Science Academies Symposia Series 16 |

17. CSIRO Reactive Gases and Aerosol Team 17 | Research –integrates observation and modelling Urban Air Quality PM Source Apportionment Particle formation Photochemistry Ozone formation Secondary Organic Aerosol Indoor Air Aerosol trends Tropospheric ozone trends CCN in the MBL Organic aerosol in the MBL VOCs in the MBL Hg in the MBL Biomass burning smoke- emissions, transformations, impacts Persistent Organic Pollutants Capabilities Models CTM Regional Global Aerosol Observation Campaigns Intensive Long term Reactive gases Aerosols Platforms Cape Grim Tropical Station RV Investigator Background Air Quality