1. Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation

2. Chapter 1 Objectives to be Assessed
1. Define anatomy and physiology and explain how they are related.
2. List and describe the major characteristics of life.
3. List and describe the major requirements of organisms.
4. Define homeostasis and explain its importance in survival.
5. Describe a homeostatic mechanism.
6. List the levels of organization in the human body

3. Chapter 1 Objectives to be Assessed
7. Identify the locations of the major body cavities.
8. List the organs located in each major body cavity.
9. Name and identify the locations of the membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
10. Name the major organ systems and list the organs associated with each.
11. Describe the general function of each organ system.
12. Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.

4. Aids to Understanding Words
append-
cardi-
homeo-
-logy-
meta-
peri-
-stasis-
-tomy-

5. Definitions
Anatomy-
Physiology-

6. Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Atoms
Smooth muscle tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Blood vessel (organ)
Cardio- vascular system
Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules
Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues
Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely
Organism level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules

7. Organ System Overview
Integumentary -

8. Organ System Overview
Skeletal -

9. Organ System Overview
Muscular -

10. Organ System Overview
Nervous -

11. Organ System Overview
Endocrine -

12. Organ System Overview
Cardiovascular -

13. Organ System Overview
Lymphatic -

14. Organ System Overview
Respiratory -

15. Organ System Overview
Digestive -

16. Organ System Overview
Urinary -

17. Organ System Overview
Reproductive -

18. Necessary Life Functions
Movement -
Responsiveness
Digestion

19. Necessary Life Functions
Metabolism- chemical reactions within the body -
Excretion

20. Necessary Life Functions
Reproduction -
Growth

21. Survival Needs Nutrients Oxygen -
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals
Oxygen

22. Survival Needs
Water -
Stable body temperature
Atmospheric pressure

23. Interactions Among Body Systems

24. Homeostasis Homeostasis-
A dynamic state of equilibrium
Homeostasis is necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life
Homeostatic imbalance -

26. Maintaining Homeostasis
The body communicates through neural and hormonal control systems
Receptor -

27. Maintaining Homeostasis
Control center -
Effector

28. Feedback mechanisms Negative feedback
Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms -

29. Feedback Mechanisms
Positive feedback -

30. Anatomy Language Specific terms are used to avoid misunderstandings
Exact terms are used for:
Positions
Directions
Regions
Structures

31. Regional Terms
Anterior body landmarks (See page 16 and 17)

32. Regional Terms
Posterior body landmarks (See page 16 and 17)

33. Directional Terms (See page 15)

34. Directional Terms (See page 15)

35. Directional Terms (See page 15)

36. Body Planes and Sections
A ________section divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts
A ______, or _________, section divides the body (or organ) into equal left and right parts
A ______ section divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts
A ________, or cross, section divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts

37. Body Planes and Sections (See page 16 and 17)

38. Body Cavities Dorsal Cavity Ventral Cavity
________ cavity houses the brain
________ cavity houses the spinal cord
Ventral Cavity
______ cavity houses the heart, lungs, and others
__________ cavity houses digestive and urniary system organs

39. Body Cavities (See page 20)

40. Abdominopelvic Quadrants (See page 20)

41. Abdominopelvic Regions (See page 21)

42. Major Abdominopelvic Organs (See page 21)