1. How the Lungs Get Oxygen to the Rest of the Body Leah Fessler, Claire Bradach, Sara Uebelein

2. Overview Diagram of Lungs http://healthforself.today.com/files/2009/06/lung s-1.jpg

3. How Does Mucus Help?  Mucus coats and protects the linings of of breathing tubes and pulmonary tubes  Any irritant: dust, bacteria, airborne particles stick to thin mucus coatings  Protects against bacterial or viral invasion, infections or inflammation  Traps foreign substances before they can invade respiratory system References: 5, 6  Mucus coats and protects the linings of of breathing tubes and pulmonary tubes  Any irritant: dust, bacteria, airborne particles stick to thin mucus coatings  Protects against bacterial or viral invasion, infections or inflammation  Traps foreign substances before they can invade respiratory system References: 5, 6

4. How Do Cilia Help?  Little hairs lining pulmonary tubes  Move mucus containing any pollutants upward towards throat to the epiglottis  Continuous wave-like movements  Epiglottis opens allowing mucus to be swallowed, or coughed up in mouth References: 5  Little hairs lining pulmonary tubes  Move mucus containing any pollutants upward towards throat to the epiglottis  Continuous wave-like movements  Epiglottis opens allowing mucus to be swallowed, or coughed up in mouth References: 5 http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/respiratory-cilia.jpg Cilia Animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=by6DKnvl5nE

5. Function of the Bronchioles  Fine branchings off “bronchial tree”  Further warm, moisten, and clean air  Carry oxygen to alveoli for gas exchange References: 7  Fine branchings off “bronchial tree”  Further warm, moisten, and clean air  Carry oxygen to alveoli for gas exchange References: 7 http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/graphics/images/en/1103.jpg

6. What are Alveoli?  an alveolus is a tiny air sac covered in capillaries  lungs have about 300 million alveoli  gas exchange occurs in alveoli  oxygen diffused from alveoli into blood  carbon dioxide diffused from blood into alveoli  an alveolus is a tiny air sac covered in capillaries  lungs have about 300 million alveoli  gas exchange occurs in alveoli  oxygen diffused from alveoli into blood  carbon dioxide diffused from blood into alveoli http://www.3dscience.com/img/Products/Images/clip_art/respiratory_alveoli_web.jpg References: 1, 4, 9

7. Alveoli Structure and Function Structure Arranged in grape like clusters Thin walls (1 cell thick ) Densely covered with blood capillaries Moist walls Function Increase surface area for gas exchange Rate of diffusion of O 2 and CO 2 increased between alveoli and blood Large contact area between alveoli and blood supply Aids rate of diffusion of gases References: 4

8. Lobes SECTIONS:  Right lung has 3, left lung has 2  Opening for air to move in and out References: 1, 3 SECTIONS:  Right lung has 3, left lung has 2  Opening for air to move in and out References: 1, 3 IMAGE: http://www.le.ac.uk/pathology/teach/va/anatomy/case2/frmst2.html

9. Pleura  2 membranes with fluid in between  Surround each lobe of lungs  Separate lung from chest wall  Holds lung to wall, which allows lung to expand  Pleural effusion - too much fluid References: 1, 8  2 membranes with fluid in between  Surround each lobe of lungs  Separate lung from chest wall  Holds lung to wall, which allows lung to expand  Pleural effusion - too much fluid References: 1, 8 IMAGE: http://www.aurorahealthcare.org/healthgate/images/si55551434.jpg

10. Blood Vessels  PULMONARY ARTERY takes deoxygenated blood to capillaries  Gas exchange (passive diffusion) between CAPILLARIES and alveoli  PULMONARY VEIN takes oxygenated blood away from capillaries References: 1, 3  PULMONARY ARTERY takes deoxygenated blood to capillaries  Gas exchange (passive diffusion) between CAPILLARIES and alveoli  PULMONARY VEIN takes oxygenated blood away from capillaries References: 1, 3 http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/37/92937-034-1E4EA526.jpg Gas Exchange

11. Lung Animations From Youtube!  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d- f3RL0KiUg&feature=PlayList&p=0850BBABD4 1573E1&index=3 (watch whole video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d- f3RL0KiUg&feature=PlayList&p=0850BBABD4 1573E1&index=3  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621Prr O0 (watch from 50 seconds on) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621Prr O0  Cilia animation located on Cilia slide  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d- f3RL0KiUg&feature=PlayList&p=0850BBABD4 1573E1&index=3 (watch whole video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d- f3RL0KiUg&feature=PlayList&p=0850BBABD4 1573E1&index=3  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621Prr O0 (watch from 50 seconds on) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621Prr O0  Cilia animation located on Cilia slide

12. Bibliography 1. "How Lungs Work." LungUSA.org. American Lung Association, 2009. Web. 9 Nov. 2009.. 2. "Human Physiology - Respiration." People.eku.edu. Eastern Kentucky University. Web. 9 Nov. 2009.. 3. "Anatomy & Physiology of the Respiratory System." Le.ac.uk. University of Leicester. Web. 9 Nov. 2009.. 4. "Alveoli." Coolschool.ca. BC Learning Network. Web. 9 Nov. 2009.. 5. "Anatomy and Function of the Normal Lung." Thoracic.org. American Thoracic Society, 2009. Web. 9 Nov. 2009.. 6. "Mucus." Sinuswars.com. Sinus Wars, 2009. Web. 9 Nov. 2009.. 7. "Human Respiration." Britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009. Web. 9 Nov. 2009.. 8. Stitham, Sean O., and Benjamin Medoff. "Pleural Effusion." National Library of Medicine. 29 Aug 2008. National Institutes of Health, Web. 9 Nov 2009..http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000086.htm 9. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. Biology, The Unity and Diversity of Life. 9th edition. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2001