1. IPv6 Network Mobility on Ad hoc network for Transportation System Assoc. Prof. Lee Bu Sung, Francis

2. Content PerMoCom – An overview Network Mobility –Hierarchical Routing Protocol –Flat Routing Protocol Network Mobility using IPv6 Network Mobility using IPv6 with Redirect Header Numerical Comparison Conclusion

3. PerMoCom: An Overview PerMoCom – Pervasive Mobile Communication for Public Transportation System –consists of segments of Ad hoc network interconnected via the Internet

4. PerMoCom: Ad hoc Routing A-STAR : Anchor-based Street and Traffic Aware Routing –M-GRID Mobility Model –Anchor-based Routing list of anchors a data packet should pass through –Spatial Awareness use of underlying street map for anchor computation –Traffic Awareness use of vehicular traffic information to find route with higher connectivity, thus high delivery possibility

5. PerMoCom: Ad hoc Routing M-Grid mobility model –Node heterogeneity: bus and taxi –Preferential movement, higher density on bus route –Radio obstacles 40m 400m

6. PerMoCom: Ad hoc Routing Achieve Traffic Awareness –Assign weight to the street according to traffic condition (high traffic less weight) –Least weight path is computed and used as anchor path –Ways for weight assignment Estimate the traffic condition by number of bus lines - statistically rated map Dynamically monitor the traffic condition on each street - dynamically rated map

7. PerMoCom: Access Router Discovery Protocol MR knows its GPS position MR helps to propagate AR information use beacon of A-STAR to propagate AR information coverage of AR boundary does not need to be explicitly defined Self-adaptable

8. Network Mobility using Hierarchical Routing Protocol Hierarchical routing –logically separated into subnets –continues the hierarchical architecture of the Internet –causes the network protocol to enter recursive nesting when applied to mobile network where MRs from different home networks are interconnected hierarchically with AR as the root connection point to the Internet. –increase of this recursive nesting results in multi- angular routing issue which is known as pinball routing

9. Flat routing protocols –regards the ad hoc network as a number of nodes without subnet partitioning, thus it does not require a hierarchical addressing structure –MRs are already uniquely identified by their Care-of address (CoA) –the recursive nesting problem is reduced to a one level nesting –all MRs are treated as nodes under the subnet of the AR in its home or foreign network and each MR will obtain a set of subnet address from the AR in its home network Network Mobility using Flat Routing Protocol

10. Network Mobility using IPv6 Basic Mode

11. Network Mobility using IPv6 Basic Mode with Redirect Header ۞ Without Redirect HeaderWith Redirect Header

12. Numerical Evaluation Saves 200 bytes This deduction increases with number of hops and number of data packets

13. Conclusion introduced PerMoCom –consists of fleets of mobile routers forming a wireless network backbone that uses flat routing protocol illustrated the mobility support of IPv6 on PerMoCom introduced a Redirect Header for the mobility support in IPv6 –to reduced the network traffic generated by the tunnel in tunnel effect when a MNN is attached on a MR link –works with both Mobile IPv6 Basic Mode and Route Optimisation Mode –useful in the Mobile Ad Hoc Network cloud where bandwidth is scarce.

14. Questions and Answers

15. Binding Update for Mobile Router

16. Binding Update for Mobile Network Node

17. New Binding Update Message a new bit – “R” in the Binding Update Message this bit utilised a bit in the 12 bits reserved field by setting this bit, MNN indicates to its HA MNN or CN that it supports the Redirect Header

18. New Binding Acknowledgement Message we introduce a new bit – “R” in the Binding Acknowledgement Message using a bit in its reserved field HA MNN or CN will reply a Binding Update message with a Binding Acknowledgement with the “R” bit set if they also supports the Redirect Header.

19. The Redirect Header IPv6 allows optional Internet-layer information to be encoded in separate headers placed between the IPv6 header and the upper- layer header in a packet used to carry the original destination address for the data packet