1. Plural vs. Possessive

2. Plural Most nouns form the plural by adding -s or -es. Singular Plural
boat
boats
hat
hats
house
houses
river
rivers

3. Plural
A noun ending in -y preceded by a consonant makes the plural with -ies.
Singular
Plural
a cry
cries
a fly
flies
a poppy
poppies
a city
cities
a lady
ladies
a baby
babies

4. Plural
There are some irregular formations for noun plurals. Some of the most common ones are listed below.
Singular
Plural
woman
women
man
men
child
children
tooth
teeth
foot
feet
person
people
leaf
leaves

5. Plural Some nouns have the same form in the singular and the plural.
sheep
fish
species
aircraft

6. Plural Some nouns have a plural form but take a singular verb.
news — The news is on at 6.30 p.m. athletics — Athletics is good for young people. linguistics — Linguistics is the study of language. darts — Darts is a popular game in England.

7. Plural Some nouns have a plural form and take a plural verb. Examples:
trousers — My trousers are too tight. jeans — Her jeans are black. glasses — Those glasses are his.

8. Possessive Possessive nouns show ownership or possession.
Most words simply get apostrophe S ('s).
the box belonging to Steve -> Steve's box the bedroom of the child -> the child's bedroom

9. Possessive Plural nouns ending in S simply get an apostrophe (s').
the box belonging to the girls -> the girls' box the bedroom of the kids -> the kids' bedroom

10. Possessive
For irregular plurals (not ending in S), add apostrophe S ('s). the coats of the women -> the women's coats the jackets of the children -> the children's jackets

11. Possessive For names ending in S, add apostrophe S ('s).
the cat belonging to Charles -> Charles's cat the jacket of the Phyllis -> Phyllis's jackets

12. Possessive
For names ending in S, simply add an apostrophe (s'). the cat belonging to Charles -> Charles' cat the jacket of the Phyllis -> Phyllis' jackets