1. “The war to end all wars”
Causes of World War I
“The war to end all wars”

2. MANIA
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Anarchy

3. Militarism To build up your army and navy and air force
The aggressive preparation for war (battle plans)

4. Militarism To build up your army and navy and air force
The aggressive preparation for war (battle plans)
European armies double in size - conscription
The German “Schlieffen Plan” called for war with Russia & France via neutral Belgium
When Russia mobilized, it moved against Germany and Austria-Hungary

5. Comparative figures on army increase, 1870-1914:
Russia 700, ,300,000
France 380, ,000
Germany 403, ,000
Austria-Hungary 247, ,000
Britain 302, ,000
Italy 334, ,000
Japan 70, ,000
U.S.A. 37, ,000

6. Schlieffen Plan

7. Arms Race
HMS DREADNOUGHT

8. MANIA
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Anarchy

9. Alliances
Nations sought to protect themselves in time of war by forming defensive agreements
Most were secretly negotiated

10. Alliances
Nations sought to protect themselves in time of war by forming defensive agreements
Most were secretly negotiated
Triple Alliance (1882) – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy – “Central Powers”
Triple Entente (1907) – France, Great Britain, Russia – “Allied Powers”
Germany promises full-support to Austria-Hungary when it issues its ultimatum to Serbia after the archduke’s assassination

11. 1879 The Dual Alliance                                         Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia
1881 Austro-Serbian Alliance                                      Austria-Hungary made an alliance with Serbia to stop Russia gaining control of Serbia
1882 The Triple Alliance                                          Germany and Austria- Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia
1914 Triple Entente (no separate peace)                                      Britain, Russia and France agreed not to sign for peace separately.
                                                                                      
1894 Franco-Russian Alliance                                       Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-Hungary
1907 Triple Entente                                          This was made between Russia, France and Britain to counter the increasing threat from Germany.
1907 Anglo-Russian Entente                                         This was an agreement between Britain and Russia
1904 Entente Cordiale                                         This was an agreement, but not a formal alliance, between France and Britain.

12. Alliance System

13. Allies Central Powers Britain ( and its Empire ) France Russia Belgium
Italy
USA( JOINED IN 1917)
Serbia, Portugal
Japan
and other minor participants
Central Powers
Germany
Austria Hungary
Ottoman-Turkey
Bulgaria

14. MANIA
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Anarchy

15. Nationalism Pride in your country or group
The desire to end foreign rule
Reinforced by ethnocentricism (White Man Burden) and Social Darwinism

16. Nationalism Pride in your country or group
The desire to end foreign rule
Reinforced by ethnocentricism (White Man Burden) and Social Darwinism
Serbia sought to create a Slavic state in the Balkans
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - Russia supports Serbia
Minorities in colonies and empires wanted independence

17. Political Tensions
There is no single explanation for the apparent willingness of the nations of Europe to go to war in The political tensions that preceded the war, however is often said to be caused by the following factors;
Colonial rivalry
Economic rivalry
The arms race
France and Germany hostilities (dates back to 1870 Franco-Prussian war)
European military alliances

18. Critical Flashpoint
Archduke Franz Ferdinand's Assassination, 28 June 1914 Updated - Sunday, 3 November, 2002
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, on 28 June 1914, set in train a series of diplomatic events that led inexorably to the outbreak of war in Europe at the end of July 1914.
Ferdinand - and his wife Sophie - were killed by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip while on a formal visit to Sarajevo.  Princip shot Ferdinand at point blank range while the latter was travelling in his car from a town hall reception, having earlier that day already survived one assassination attempt

19. MANIA
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Anarchy

20. Imperialsim
To take control of other countries politically, economically, and socially

21. Imperialsim
To take control of other countries politically, economically, and socially
European Scramble for Africa
Spheres of influence in China
Great Britain in India
Japan in Asia
To be great nations
To maintain the balance
of power in Europe
Raw materials, markets, labor cash crops
Paternalism
To spread Christianity

22. A Slice of the African Cake

24. MANIA
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Anarchy

25. Anarchy
The inability to settle disputes

26. Anarchy The inability to settle disputes Competition for colonies
Crisis in the Balkans
Socialist dissent  strikes and violence
Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum to Serbia
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia (7/28/1914)

27. Countdown to World War
June 1914 Franz Duke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne assassinated
28th July Austria Hungary declare war on Serbia. France and Russia back Serbia
30th July Britain and Russia mobilize forces
1st August Germany declares war on Russia
2nd August Germany invades Belgium, declares war on France
4th August Britain declares war on Germany

28. MANIA
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Anarchy