2. Unit 10 Anatomy/Physiology

3.  Kidneys filter out all the waste in the blood stream  Broken down red blood cells and bile both contain “urochrome” which has a yellow color! (otherwise all pee would be clear)  Did you know…  In the 1600’s, alchemists believed our pee to contain gold b/c it was yellow. Many actually tried to extract gold from pee….yuk!

5. The three main causes of abnormal urine color are: -Foods -Medications/drugs -Health issues Red or pink urine may be caused by: Blood – UTI’s, enlarged prostate, tumors, kidney cysts, long-distance running, and stones Foods - Beets, blackberries and rhubarb can turn urine red or pink. Medications You can blame orange urine on: Medications Medical conditions Dehydration Blue or green urine can result from: Dyes – Foods and kidney or bladder test dyes Medications Medical conditions - Familial hypercalcemia (blue diaper syndrome ) and UTI’s caused by pseudomonas Dark brown or tea-colored urine Food – Fava beans, rhubarb or aloe Medications. Medical conditions - Liver and kidney disorders and UTI’s Cloudy or murky urine Urinary tract infections and kidney stones

6.  About 150 liters (33 gallons) of fluid pass through your kidneys every day. But 99% of this cleaned and goes back into your blood. Leaving 2 liters for your urine!  People pass about 40,000 liters (8,800 gallons) of urine in their lifetime. This is enough to fill 500 bath tubs!!!

8. 1) Filters dissolved material from the blood 2) Regulates electrolytes* 3) Regulates blood volume 4) Reabsorbs important substances back into the circulatory system * free ions in solution that regulate pH, blood volume,blood pressure, muscle and brain functioning, ex. Include Na +, K +, Mg +, Ca ++

9.  Kidney: sits in the lower back, embedded in tissue and fat for protection  Bean shaped, x2 1. Renal Veins/Arteries: supplies blood flow to and from the kidney 2. Renal Capsule: tough connective tissue that coats the kidney

11. 3. Hilus: depression where the arteries, veins, and ureters enter/exit 4. Cortex: outer layer, loaded with nephrons and blood vessels 5. Medulla: area containing collecting ducts and blood vessels (inner layer)

12. Inferior Vena Cava Abdominal Aorta

13. Hilus

14.  Ureter: long, thin tubes that conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder  Urinary Bladder: muscular holding chamber (elastic) for urine  Posterior to pubic bone  Ureters drip urine constantly into  “trigone” muscular region leads to urethra with sphincters

15.  Terminal organ of urinary system  Has 2 sphincters for “control”  Approx. 20 cm in males, serves 2 functions and is routed through the prostate gland  Approx. 3-4 cm in females  Which gender usually gets more UTI’s?  WHY?

16.  Where the urinary system and cardiovascular system meet  Functional unit of the kidney  Millions of them filtering blood in the cortex and emptying into the medulla  Materials being released and absorbed based on what the body needs second to second  What kinds of materials??

17. THE NEPHRON -Main function is water and salt balance, eliminate waste -Normal kidneys have 800,000-1.5 million! -Watch here how it works!here

19. Bladder Ureter Kidney Urethra Trigone

20. Bladder Seminal Vesicle Prostate Gland Urethra

22. Uterus Bladder Urethra Vagina Rectum

24.  Micturition Reflex Micturition Reflex  Urinary Overview Urinary Overview  Kidney Stones Kidney Stones  Kidney Dissection Kidney Dissection