Lecture Notes A PowerPoint Presentation

Lecture Notes A PowerPoint Presentation
11 Lecture Notes A PowerPoint Presentation Urinary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Seventh Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

Structure and Function
11 URINARY SYSTEM Structure and Function Kidney Bean-shaped organ located in the lumbar region of the back Two regions Renal cortex (outer region) Renal medulla (inner region

Structure and Function (continued)
11 URINARY SYSTEM Structure and Function (continued) Nephron Microscopic functional unit of the kidney Forms urine in renal corpuscles and tubules by process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion 3 3

11 URINARY SYSTEM Structure and Function (continued) Nephron (continued) Renal corpuscle Beginning of urine formation Glomerulus — transportation of waste products for filtration Bowman capsule — beginning of waste removal 4 4

11 URINARY SYSTEM Structure and Function (continued) Nephron (continued) Renal tubule End of urine formation and transportation of urine to renal pelvis Collecting tubules — leading to and terminating at the renal pelvis 5 5

11 URINARY SYSTEM Structure and Function (continued) Ureters Vessels for carrying urine in peristaltic waves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder Bladder Hollow, muscular sac Temporary reservoir for urine 6 6

11 URINARY SYSTEM Structure and Function (continued) Urethra Tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body in a process called urination or voiding 7 7

Structure and Function Exercise
11 URINARY SYSTEM Structure and Function Exercise Name four organs of the urinary system. What is the main function of the kidneys? Pedagogical note: For instructors who prefer extensive anatomy and physiology coverage, refer to the Respiratory System presentation for an example of a comprehensive coverage of anatomy and physiology. You may expand the anatomy and physiology sections by using the Respiratory System chapter as a guideline to lengthen the anatomy and physiology sections. In addition, you may encourage students to complete TermPlus, the powerful interactive multimedia program with which they can concentrate on reinforcing anatomy and physiology. 8 8

11 URINARY SYSTEM Structure and Function Exercise Name four organs of the urinary system. Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra What is the main function of the kidneys? Remove toxic products from blood by forming urine Pedagogical note: Questions only are presented on the first slide. Questions with answers (in red) are presented on the following slide. For testing purposes, you may wish to use only the question slides. 9 9

11 URINARY SYSTEM Structure and Function Exercise What is the nephron? What structures comprise the renal corpuscle? What are the functions of the glomerulus and Bowman capsule? Pedagogical note: Questions only are presented on the first slide. Questions with answers (in red) are presented on the following slide. For testing purposes, you may wish to use only the question slides. 10 10

11 URINARY SYSTEM Structure and Function Exercise What is the nephron? Microscopic functional unit of the kidney, which carries out the processes that form urine What structures comprise the renal corpuscle? Glomerulus and Bowman capsule What are the functions of the glomerulus and Bowman capsule? The glomerulus brings blood to the nephron for filtration. Bowman capsule begins the urine formation process. Pedagogical note: Questions only are presented on the first slide. Questions with answers (in red) are presented on the following slide. For testing purposes, you may wish to use only the question slides. 11 11

Combining Forms Exercise
11 URINARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise List the CF(s) for: kidney: renal pelvis: ureter: bladder:

11 URINARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise kidney: nephr/o, ren/o renal pelvis: pyel/o ureter: ureter/o bladder: cyst/o, vesic/o

11 URINARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise urethra: meatus, opening: glomerulus: ketone bodies (acids and acetones):

11 URINARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise urethra: urethr/o meatus, opening: meat/o glomerulus: glomerul/o ketone bodies (acids and acetones): keton/o

11 URINARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise pus: scanty: potassium: nitrogenous products:

11 URINARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise pus: py/o scanty: olig/o potassium: kal/i nitrogenous products: azot/o

Complete the Medical Word Exercise
11 URINARY SYSTEM Complete the Medical Word Exercise instrument used to examine the bladder: cyst/o/ inflammation of the renal pelvis: pyel/ expansion of the ureter: /ectasis stricture of the urethra: /o/ 18

11 URINARY SYSTEM Complete the Medical Word Exercise instrument used to examine the bladder: cyst/o/scope inflammation of the renal pelvis: pyel/itis expansion of the ureter: ureter/ectasis stricture of the urethra: urethr/o/stenosis 19

11 URINARY SYSTEM Complete the Medical Word Exercise incision of the meatus: meat/o/ crushing of a stone: lith/o/ inflammation of the glomerulus and kidney: /o/nephr/ fixation of a kidney: /o/ptosis 20

11 URINARY SYSTEM Complete the Medical Word Exercise incision of the meatus: meat/o/tomy crushing of a stone: lith/o/tripsy inflammation of the glomerulus and kidney: glomerul/o/nephr/itis fixation of a kidney: nephr/o/ptosis 21

11 URINARY SYSTEM Complete the Medical Word Exercise resembling albumin: /oid excessive urination: poly/ scanty urine: olig/ stone in the urinary tract: /o/ 22

11 URINARY SYSTEM Complete the Medical Word Exercise resembling albumin: albumin/oid excessive urination: poly/uria scanty urine: olig/uria stone in the urinary tract: ur/o/lith 23

Build Medical Words Exercise
11 URINARY SYSTEM Build Medical Words Exercise hernia(tion) or swelling of the kidney: process of recording the ureter: record of the urinary tract: disease of the glomerulus: 24

11 URINARY SYSTEM Build Medical Words Exercise hernia(tion) or swelling of the kidney: nephr/o/cele process of recording the ureter: ureter/o/graphy record of the urinary tract: ur/o/gram disease of the glomerulus: glomerul/o/pathy 25

11 URINARY SYSTEM Build Medical Words Exercise disease of the renal pelvis: tumor of the kidney: urine with blood: urine with pus: 26

11 URINARY SYSTEM Build Medical Words Exercise disease of the renal pelvis: pyel/o/pathy tumor of the kidney: nephr/oma urine with blood: hemat/uria urine with pus: py/uria 27

Diseases and Conditions
11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions Chronic kidney disease Progressive, irreversible decrease in renal function Metabolic, fluid, and electrolyte imbalances Uremia and nitrogenous waste products build-up in the blood Effects in every body system (see illustration)

Diseases and Conditions (continued)
11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Chronic kidney disease (continued) Signs and symptoms Polyuria and oliguria Edema of the extremities, sacral area, and abdomen Hypertension Weakness and fatigue Nausea and vomiting In later stages, yellowish pale skin that causes itching due to urea crystals on the skin

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Chronic kidney disease (continued) Treatment Dietary restrictions (protein, salt, potassium) Control or blood glucose levels and blood pressure Smoking cessation Prevention of further damage and end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Clinically Related Exercise
11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. L. was diagnosed last year with chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Now he complains of weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and skin that is yellowish and itching. The physician is concerned that excessive waste products are building up in his blood and prescribes (antibiotics, antifungals, dialysis). Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 31 31

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. L. was diagnosed last year with chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Now he complains of weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and skin that is yellowish and itching. The physician is concerned that excessive waste products are building up in his blood and prescribes (antibiotics, antifungals, dialysis). Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 32 32

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. R. has chronic kidney disease. His blood tests show elevated nitrogenous products. The physician charts this result as (anuria, azotemia, hematuria). 33 33

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. R. has chronic kidney disease. His blood tests show elevated nitrogenous products. The physician charts this result as (anuria, azotemia, hematuria). 34 34

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) End-stage renal disease Inability of kidneys to sustain daily activity Usually the result of chronic renal failure Toxic build-up of urea and creatinine in the blood Effects all systems, with dialysis or renal transplantation needed for survival

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) End-stage renal disease (continued) Signs and symptoms Progressive, with varied severity depending on the extent of renal damage and remaining function Weakness Anorexia Diarrhea Pruritus Polyuria

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) End-stage renal disease (continued) Treatment Dietary restriction of protein, sodium, and potassium Antiemetics for nausea Control of hypertension Dialysis Renal transplantation Patient's kidneys usually left in place Donor kidney usually placed inferior to diseased kidneys

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. J. requires renal transplantation because his kidneys are no longer functioning. His disease is charted as ESRD, or A patient scheduled for prostate CA surgery is currently continent, but is worried that, after surgery, he may not be able to control his bladder, a condition known as urinary Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 38 38

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. J. requires renal transplantation because his kidneys are no longer functioning. His disease is charted as ESRD, or end-stage renal disease. A patient scheduled for prostate CA surgery is currently continent, but is worried that, after surgery, he may not be able to control his bladder, a condition known as urinary incontinence. Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 39 39

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. S. arrives at the clinic complaining of painful urination. The nurse notes a history of cystitis and documents her painful urination as Ms. T. is a 38-year-old female admitted with pyonephrosis. A key finding of this inflammatory condition is accumulation of in the kidneys. Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 40 40

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. S. arrives at the clinic complaining of painful urination. The nurse notes a history of cystitis and documents her painful urination as dysuria. Ms. T. is a 38-year-old female admitted with pyonephrosis. A key finding of this inflammatory condition is accumulation of pus in the kidneys. Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 41 41

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Renal calculi Concentration of mineral salts in the renal pelvis or calyx (see illustration) Most common cause of urinary obstruction

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Renal calculi (continued) Signs and symptoms Possibly asymptomatic for long periods Intense pain and urinary urgency if the calculus fragment lodges in a ureter Dull, constant pain if calculus is in the renal pelvis and calyx Back pain and severe abdominal pain Other signs and symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, chills and fever, hematuria, and abdominal distention

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Renal calculi (continued) Treatment Passage of small calculi without treatment Surgical excision (lithotomy) for larger calculi Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) — powerful sound waves used to break up calculi (using ultrasound to locate and monitor calculi destruction)

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Renal calculi (continued) Treatment (continued) Prevention of new calculus formation and enhanced elimination of calculi with increased fluid intake Antibiotics if build-up is due to bacterial infection Analgesics for relief of intense pain 45

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. K. develops kidney stones, although she underwent various treatments to avoid them. She must now undergo a surgical excision to remove the stone called Mr. M. is diagnosed with renal calculi. He arrives at the physician's office complaining of pain in the kidney area. The medical term for this symptom is Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 46 46

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. K. develops kidney stones, although she underwent various treatments to avoid them. She must now undergo a surgical excision to remove the stone called lithotomy or lithectomy. Mr. M. is diagnosed with renal calculi. He arrives at the physician's office complaining of pain in the kidney area. The medical term for this symptom is nephralgia or nephrodynia. 47 47

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. H. has a history of nephrolithiasis. Now she complains of hematuria, pain, and nausea. The physician detects calculi using high-frequency sound waves, in a procedure called (MRI, ultrasonography, CT scan). Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 48 48

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. H. has a history of nephrolithiasis. Now she complains of hematuria, pain, and nausea. The physician detects calculi using high-frequency sound waves, in a procedure called (MRI, ultrasonography, CT scan). Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 49 49

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Hydronephrosis Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces due to pressure from accumulating urine Leading to impairment and, possibly, total interruption of kidney function Possibly affecting one or both kidneys (see illustration)

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Hydronephrosis (continued) Signs and symptoms Possibly asymptomatic for a long period if only one kidney is affected Intense pain, possibly including back and abdominal pain Nausea Vomiting Oliguria Anuria Hematuria

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Hydronephrosis (continued) Treatment Placement of stents and a nephrostomy tube (see illustration) Stent placement inside the ureters to hold them open (A) Nephrostomy tube inserted into renal pelvis to drain urine, with the catheter exiting through an incision in the flank (B)

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Hydronephrosis (continued) Treatment (continued) Removal of obstruction, prevention of complications, and treatment of underlying disorders Catheterization for immediate relief of urinary pressure Analgesics if needed Antibiotics if infection occurs Surgery if needed to dilate a ureteral stricture

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise The physician diagnoses Mrs. S. with ureterolithiasis and explains that it may cause a reflux of urine into the kidney, a serious disorder known as (hydrosis, nephropathy, hydronephrosis). Mrs. B. is concerned because she only urinated once in the past 24 hours. The medical term for this symptom is Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 54 54

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise The physician diagnoses Mrs. S. with ureterolithiasis and explains that it may cause a reflux of urine into the kidney, a serious disorder known as (hydrosis, hydronephrosis, nephropathy). Mrs. B. is concerned because she only urinated once in the past 24 hours. The medical term for this symptom is anuria. Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 55 55

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. C. arrives at the clinic complaining of blood in her urine. The physician documents this finding as Ms. T. is diagnosed with nephrosis and has swelling in her ankles and feet. The medical term for swelling is Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 56 56

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. C. arrives at the clinic complaining of blood in her urine. The physician documents this finding as hematuria. Ms. T. is diagnosed with nephrosis and has swelling in her ankles and feet. The medical term for swelling is edema. Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 57 57

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Radiographic studies of Mr. D.'s kidneys reveal enlargement of the right kidney. The radiologist documents this finding as Mr. J. undergoes surgical repair of the renal pelvis. Before obtaining informed consent, the physician charts this surgical procedure as Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 58 58

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Radiographic studies of Mr. D.'s kidneys reveal enlargement of the right kidney. The radiologist documents this finding as nephromegaly. Mr. J. undergoes surgical repair of the renal pelvis. Before obtaining informed consent, the physician charts this surgical procedure as pyeloplasty. Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 59 59

Vocabulary Challenge Exercise
11 URINARY SYSTEM Vocabulary Challenge Exercise catheterization: electrolytes: enuresis: Pedagogical Note: To customize the medical vocabulary, simply add or delete the terms on the slide. Also, numerous images are available from the image bank or other resources if you want to add illustrations. You may also wish to use this slide in a group project activity during class. 60 60

11 URINARY SYSTEM Vocabulary Challenge Exercise catheterization: introduction of a small tube into a hollow organ to introduce or remove fluid electrolytes: substances that have the ability to carry electrical charges in the body and an imbalance of which may be fatal enuresis: involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence 61 61

11 URINARY SYSTEM Vocabulary Challenge Exercise filtrate: fistula: percutaneous: Pedagogical Note: To customize the medical vocabulary, simply add or delete the terms on the slide. Also, numerous images are available from the image bank or other resources if you want to add illustrations. You may also wish to use this slide in a group project activity during class. 62 62

11 URINARY SYSTEM Vocabulary Challenge Exercise filtrate: fluid that passes from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule to begin urine formation fistula: abnormal passage from one hollow organ to another or the surface of the body percutaneous: any procedure or medication that passes through the skin Pedagogical Note: To customize the medical vocabulary, simply add or delete the terms on the slide. Also, numerous images are available from the image bank or other resources if you want to add illustrations. You may also wish to use this slide in a group project activity during class. 63 63

Medical and Surgical Procedures
11 URINARY SYSTEM Medical and Surgical Procedures Catheterization Insertion of a slender tube into the bladder (see illustration) Used to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes Used to introduce liquids 64

Medical and Surgical Procedures (continued)
11 URINARY SYSTEM Medical and Surgical Procedures (continued) Hemodialysis Diversion of the patient's blood into a machine for filtering Return of filtered blood to the body 65 65

11 URINARY SYSTEM Medical and Surgical Procedures (continued) Peritoneal dialysis Dialysis using the patient's peritoneum (see illustration) Infusion of dialysis solution into the peritoneum (A) Removal of fluid containing waste products (B) 66 66

11 URINARY SYSTEM Medical and Surgical Procedures (continued) Extracorporeal shock- wave lithotripsy (ESWL) Use of powerful sound- wave vibrations to pulverize calculi in the kidney (See illustration.) 67 67

Medical and Surgical Procedures
11 Medical and Surgical Procedures URINARY SYSTEM Renal transplantation Diseased kidneys replaced by transplanted kidney (See illustration.)

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. F. is unable to urinate after surgery, so the nurse inserts a catheter into her bladder to remove urine. This therapeutic procedure is known as Mr. H. is diagnosed with nephrolithiasis. The physician explains that she must crush the kidney stones into smaller pieces so he can expell them in urine. Crushing of stones is a surgical procedure called Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 69 69

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. F. is unable to urinate after surgery, so the nurse inserts a catheter into her bladder to remove urine. This therapeutic procedure is known as catheterization. Mr. H. is diagnosed with nephrolithiasis. The physician explains that she must crush the kidney stones into smaller pieces so he can expell them in urine. Crushing of stones is a surgical procedure called lithotripsy. Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 70 70

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. R. is diagnosed with multiple renal calculi. The doctor explains that the treatment of choice is to use powerful sound-wave vibrations to break up the kidney stones. The abbreviation for this procedure is Mrs. A. has a history of bladder carcinoma and undergoes endoscopy of the urinary bladder. Visual examination of the bladder is a medical procedure called Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 71 71

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. R. is diagnosed with multiple renal calculi. The doctor explains that the treatment of choice is to use powerful sound-wave vibrations to break up the kidney stones. The abbreviation for this procedure is ESWL. Mrs. A. has a history of bladder carcinoma and undergoes endoscopy of the urinary bladder. Visual examination of the bladder is a medical procedure called cystoscopy. Pedagogical note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your classroom needs. 72 72

Diagnostic Procedures
11 URINARY SYSTEM Diagnostic Procedures Bladder scan Use of sound waves to estimate the amount of urine in the bladder (See illustration.) Painless and noninvasive No patient preparation required Pedagogical Note: You may want to bring a few diagnostic instruments or laboratory setups for students to examine. Various images of medical instruments are available on the web if you do not have the actual instruments. In addition, other diagnostic procedures can be included to suit individual classroom needs. 73 73

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diagnostic Procedures Cystoscopy Insertion of a cystoscope through the urethra and into the urinary bladder (see illustration) Used for various purposes Examining the bladder Obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths Removing polyps Pedagogical Note: You may want to bring a few diagnostic instruments or laboratory setups for students to examine. Various images of medical instruments are available on the web if you do not have the actual instruments. In addition, other diagnostic procedures can be included to suit individual classroom needs. 74 74

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diagnostic Procedures Blood urea nitrogen Measurement of the amount of urea, the major waste product Used to evaluate renal function Indication of impaired renal function (with high values) Pedagogical Note: You may want to bring a few diagnostic instruments or laboratory setups for students to examine. Various images of medical instruments are available on the web if you do not have the actual instruments. In addition, other diagnostic procedures can be included to suit individual classroom needs. 75 75

11 URINARY SYSTEM Diagnostic Procedures Pyelography Radiographic procedure that evaluates the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder Also called intravenous pyelography (IVP) when performed after intravenous administration of a radiopaque dye Urinalysis Voiding cystourography (VCUG) Pedagogical Note: You may want to bring a few diagnostic instruments or laboratory setups for students to examine. Various images of medical instruments are available on the web if you do not have the actual instruments. In addition, other diagnostic procedures can be included to suit individual classroom needs. 76 76

Build a Medical Word Exercise
11 URINARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise visual examination of the bladder: process of recording (radiography) the bladder and urethra: process of recording (radiography) the renal pelvis: 77 77

11 URINARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise visual examination of the bladder: cyst/o/scopy process of recording (radiography) the bladder and urethra: cyst/o/urethr/o/graphy process of recording (radiography) the renal pelvis: pyel/o/graphy 78 78

11 URINARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise instrument to examine the urethra: 5. visual examination of the kidney(s): 79 79

11 URINARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise instrument to examine the urethra: urethr/o/scope visual examination of the kidney(s): nephr/o/scopy 80 80

Pharmacology Antibiotics Antispasmodics Diuretics 11 URINARY SYSTEM 81

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise A chest x-ray reveals fluid accumulation in Mr. K.'s lungs. The physician prescribes a drug to stimulate the production and flow of urine, called a(n) (antispasmodic, antidiuretic, diuretic). Mr. Q. was catheterized for surgery and now experiences spasms in the urethra and bladder. To decrease spasms and enable normal emptying, the physician prescribes a(n) (antispasmodic, antidiuretic, diuretic). 82 82

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise A chest x-ray reveals fluid accumulation in Mr. K.'s lungs. The physician prescribes a drug to stimulate the production and flow of urine, called a (antispasmodic, antidiuretic, diuretic). Mr. Q. was catheterized for surgery and now experiences spasms in the urethra and bladder. To decrease spasms and enable normal emptying, the physician prescribes an (antispasmodic, antidiuretic, diuretic). 83 83

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. T. is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. To treat the bacterial infection, the physician prescribes a(n) (antibiotic, antiviral, diuretic). Mr. Y. suffers from nephralgia. To relieve this condition, the physician prescribes a(n) (analgesic, antibiotic, thrombolytic). 84 84

11 URINARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. T. is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. To treat the bacterial infection, the physician prescribes an (antibiotic, antiviral, diuretic). Mr. Y. suffers from nephralgia. To relieve this condition, the physician prescribes an (analgesic, antibiotic, thrombolytic). 85 85

Copyright © 2013 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved
Copyright © 2013 by F.A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This product is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without written permission from the publisher.

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