1. Chapter 6: Urinary System
Medical Terminology

2. Chapter 6 Abbreviations
ARF
CRF
GFR
UTI
BUN
cath
cysto
= acute renal failure = chronic renal failure = glomerular filtration rate (most common number used to DX renal failure) = urinary tract infection = blood urea nitrogen = catheter = cystoscopy

3. Chapter 6 Abbreviations
IVP
KUB
Ua, UA
FUO GU
I&O
= intravenous pyelogram = kidneys – ureter – bladder = urinalysis = fever of undetermined origin = genitourinary = intake and output (only measures liquids)

4. The Urinary System The Function
Removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid
Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

5. The Urinary System Organs of the urinary system Kidneys
Two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum.
Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance

6. The Urinary System Parts of the Kidney
Nephron: urine-producing microscopic structure. (Approx. 1 million nephrons located in each kidney)
Glomerulus: cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. (Process of filtering blood/producing urine begins here)
Renal pelvis: funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter
Hilum: indention on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter leaves the kidney

7. The Urinary System Ureters Urinary Bladder
Two slender tubes, approx in. long, that receive the urine from the kidney and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder
Urinary Bladder
Muscular, hollow organ that temporarily hold the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size

8. The Urinary System Urethra Urinary meatus
Lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. This narrow tube varies in length by sex. (~1.5 in. in females, ~ 8 in. in males)
In males, it is also part of the reproductive system, as it carries seminal fluid at the time of ejactulation
Urinary meatus
Opening through which the urine passes to the outside

9. The Urinary System

10. The Urinary System

11. Word Parts for Urinary System
Combining Form
Definition
cyst/o, vesic/o
glomerul/o
meat/o
nephr/o, ren/o
pyel/o
ureter/o
urethr/o
bladder, sac
glomerus
meatus (opening)
kidney
renal pelvis
ureter
urethra

12. Word Parts commonly used with Urinary System
Combining Form
Definition
albumin/o
blast/o
glyc/o, glycos/o
hydr/o
lith/o
noct/i
olig/o
son/o
tom/o
urin/o, ur/o
albumin
developing cell, germ cell
sugar
water
stone
night
scanty, few
sound
cut, section
urine, urinary tract

13. Word Parts for Urinary System
Suffix
Definition
-gram
-iasis, -esis
-lysis
-megaly
-ptosis
-rrhaphy
-tripsy
-trophy
-uria
record, radiographic image
condition
loosening, destruction, separating
enlargement
drooping, sagging, prolapse
suturing, repairing
surgical crushing
nourishment, development
urine, urination

14. Word Parts for Urinary System
Suffix
Definition
lithiasis
lithotomy
condition of stones
incision to remove a stone

15. Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease & Disorders]
Definition
cystitis
cystocele
cystolith
glomerulonephritis
hydronephrosis
nephritis
inflammation of the bladder
protrusion of the bladder
stone in the bladder
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
abnormal condition of water in the kidney (distention of the renal pelvis with urine because of an obstruction)
inflammation of a kidney

16. Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease & Disorders]
Definition
nephroblastoma
nephrohypertrophy
nephrolithiasis
nephroma
nephromegaly
nephroptosis
pyelitis
pyelonephritis
kidney tumor containing developing cells (malignant tumor)
excessive development of the kidney
condition of stone(s) in the kidney
tumor of the kidney
enlargement of a kidney
drooping kidney
inflammation of the renal pelvis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

17. Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease & Disorders]
Definition
ureteritis
ureterocele
ureterolithiasis
ureterostenosis
urethrocystitis
inflammation of the ureter
protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder)
condition of stones in the ureters
narrowing of the ureter
inflammation of the urethra and the bladder

18. Med Terms (not from word parts) [Disease & Disorders]
Definition
renal calculus
renal failure
urinary retention
urinary suppression
urinary tract infection (UTI)
stone in the kidney
loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance
abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate
sudden stoppage of urine formation
infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

19. Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical Terms]
Definition
cystectomy
cystolithotomy
cystorrhaphy
cystostomy
cystotomy, vesicotomy
lithotripsy
meatotomy
excision of the bladder
incision of the bladder to remove a stone
suturing the bladder
creating an artificial opening in the bladder
incision of the bladder
surgical crushing of a stone
incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)

20. Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical Terms]
Definition
nephrectomy
nephrolithotomy
nephrolithotripsy
nepholysis
nephropexy
nephrostomy
pyelolithotomy
excision of a kidney
incision of the kidney to remove a stone
surgical crushing of a stone in the kidney
separating the kidney (from other body structures)
surgical fixation of the kidney
creation of an artificial opening into the kidney
incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone

21. Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical Terms]
Definition
pyeloplasty
ureterectomy
ureterostomy
urethroplasty
vesicourethral suspension
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
excision of a ureter
creation of an artificial opening in the ureter
surgical repair of the urethra
suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra

22. Med Terms (not from word parts) [Surgical Terms]
Definition
renal transplant
surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney

23. Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms]
Definition
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
cystogram
cystography
intravenous urogram
nephrogram
nephrography
radiographic image of the bladder
radiographic imaging of the bladder
radiographic image of the urinary tract (with contrast medium injected intravenously) (intravenous pyelogram [IVP])
radiographic image of the kidney
radiographic imaging of the kidney (renogram)

24. Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms]
Definition
nephrosonography
nephrotomogram
renogram
process of recording the kidney using sound (an ultrasound test)
sectional radiographic image of the kidney
(graphic) record of the kidney
a nuclear med. test produced by radioactivity after injecting a radiopharmaceutical, or radioactive material into the blood
also called renal scan or nephrogram

25. Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms]
Definition
retrograde urogram
voiding cystourethrography
radiographic image of the urinary tract
retrograde means to move in a direction opposite from normal; contrast medium is instilled through urethral catheters by a cytoscope
radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra
radiopaque dye is instilled in the bladder. Radiographic images called voiding cystourethrograms are taken of the bladder and during urination of the dye

26. Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms]
Definition
ENDOSCOPY
cystoscope
cytoscopy
nephroscopy
ureteroscopy
urethroscope
instrument used for visual examination of the bladder
visual examination of the bladder
visual examination of the kidney
visual examination of the ureter
instrument used for visual examination of the urethra

27. Med Terms (not from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms]
Definition
LABORATORY
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
urinalysis (UA)
a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function
an increased BUN indicates renal dysfunction
multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen

28. Med Terms (from word parts) [Complimentary Terms]
Definition
albuminuria
anuria
diuresis
dysuria
glycosuria
albumin in the urine
albumin is an important protein in the blood, but when found in the urine, it indicates a kidney problem
absence of urine (failure of the kidney to produce urine)
condition of urine passing through (increased amount of urine)
difficult or painful urination
sugar (glucose) in the urine

29. Med Terms (from word parts) [Complimentary Terms]
Definition
hematuria
meatal
nephrologist
nephrology
nocturia
oliguria
polyuria
blood in the urine
pertaining to the meatus
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney
study of the kidney (a branch of medicine dealing with idseases of the kidney
night urination
scanty urine (amount)
much (excessive) urine

30. Med Terms (from word parts) [Complimentary Terms]
Definition
pyuria
urinary
urologist
urology
pus in the urine
pertaining to urine
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract
study of the urinary tract (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system

31. Med Terms (not from word parts) [Complimentary Terms]
Definition
catheter (cath)
distended
enuresis
hemodialysis
flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids
stretched out (a bladder is distended when filed with urine)
involuntary urination
procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

32. Med Terms (not from word parts) [Complimentary Terms]
Definition
Incontinence
micturate
stricture
urinal
urinary catheterization
void
inabliity to control bladder and/or bowels
to urinate or void
abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture
receptacle for urine
passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine
to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine

33. Med Terms (not from word parts) [Additional Terms]
Definition
calculus
creatinine
diuretic
sepsis
septic
urea
uremia
stone (pl. = calculi)
waste product
agent that increases the amt. of urine
an infection caused by pathogens, usually bacteria, spreading through bloodstream (also called septicemia)
pertaining to sepsis
condition of excessive waste products in the blood; renal failure