1. The Influence of Different Socio-economic Conditions on the Participation of Latin American and Taiwanese Students in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University Andrea Lizett Rodriguez Foronda National Tsing Hua Iniversity

2. 1.Introduction 2.Research Questions 3.Hypothesis 4.Methodology 5.Results 6.Discussion 7.Conclusion SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING

3. INTRODUCTION There is a latent problem that puts environment in serious risk We are all responsible for solving this problem Participate and control a recycling system Socio economic differences influence on the environmental consciousness

4. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING INTRODUCTION Latin American countries have a lot of natural resources have not been exploited yet Latin American countries does not have a motivated environmental consciousness Natural Resources Taiwan has a high population density Taiwan does not have space for landfill Taiwan has an increasing economic growth Taiwan has a motivated environmental consciousness

5. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING INTRODUCTION Latin America countries are consider developing countries In Latin American recycling industry is new and premature Level of Development Taiwan is classified as a middle income and moderately developed country

6. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING INTRODUCTION In Latin American countries there is an absence of national environmental responsibility Policy based on potable water consumptions Government Policy Taiwan’s government has assumed the responsibility for recycling Policy plastic bag

7. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING INTRODUCTION Depends on the level of development of the country Depends on the policy of recycling Government Budget

8. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING INTRODUCTION In Latin America budgets are low and education is not the first priority In Latin America universities do not provide the means University Recycling System National Tsing Hua University has a recycling System The universities in Taiwan have to comply with a government policy

9. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING RESEARCH QUESTIONS Question 1: Do the different socio-economic conditions influence on the participation of the Latin American and Taiwanese Students in the recycling system of the National Tsing Hua University? Question 2: Do Latin American Students know how to participate in the recycling system of the National Tsing Hua University?

10. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis 1: Taiwanese students’ participation is higher than Latin American students’ participation in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University

11. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis 2: Students’ perception of government recycling policy has influence on the participation in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University. Hypothesis 3: Taiwanese students’ perception of government recycling policy is better than the Latin American students’ perception

12. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis 4: Students’ perception of environmental problems has influence on the participation in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University. Hypothesis 5: The Taiwanese students’ perception of environmental problems is higher than the Latin American students’ perception.

13. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis 6: The percentage of Taiwanese students who participate in the recycling system of the National Tsing Hua University is notably higher than the Latin American students’ participation because the latter hardly understand it.

14. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis 7: Students’ recycling education has influence on the participation in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University. Hypothesis 8: Taiwanese students’ recycling education is better than the Latin American students’ recycling education.

15. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING METHODOLOGY Participants TaiwaneseLatin American Number30 Range age22 to 3122 to 27 Females1412 Males1618

16. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING METHODOLOGY Tool to collect data: survey Self Administer Questionnaires Place of interviews: study laboratories and public areas of NTHU’s dorms Measures and Procedures

17. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING METHODOLOGY

18. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING METHODOLOGY Participation of Latin American and Taiwanese Students in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University (NTHU) Measures and Procedures Do you participate in the recycling system of NTHU? □ YES □ NO First Sub scale

19. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING METHODOLOGY Measures and Procedures Second Sub scale Government recycling policy Third Sub scale Environmental Consciousness Fourth Sub scale Familiarization with the Recycling System of NTHU Fifth Sub scale Level of Development countries Demographic information

20. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING METHODOLOGY Measures and Procedures DegreeScore Strongly disagree1 Disagree2 Neutral3 Agree4 Strongly agree5

21. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING METHODOLOGY Measures and Procedures Second Sub scale F-test, T-test one tail, T-test two tail Third Sub scale Fourth Sub scale Fifth Sub scale F-test, T-test one tail, T-test two tail F-test, T-test one tail F-test, T-test one tail, T-test two tail First Sub scale Percentages calculated μ1 = Mean Taiwanese μ2 = Mean Latin American

22. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING RESULTS First sub scale Hypothesis 1: Taiwanese students’ participation is higher than Latin American students’ participation in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University Taiwanese YES 48% Taiwanese NO 2% Latin American YES 8% Latin American NO 42%

23. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING RESULTS Second sub scale Hypothesis 2: Students’ perception of government recycling policy has influence on the participation in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University. Hypothesis 3: Taiwanese students’ perception of government recycling policy is better than the Latin American students’ perception

24. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING RESULTS Second sub scale > α(.05) t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances (Pr > |t|)< α(.05) It is considered significant μ1 ≥ μ2

25. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING RESULTS Third sub scale Hypothesis 4: Students’ perception of environmental problems has influence on the participation in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University. Hypothesis 5: The Taiwanese students’ perception of environmental problems is higher than the Latin American students’ perception.

26. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING RESULTS Third sub scale > α(.05) t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances (Pr > |t|)< α(.05) It is considered significant μ1 ≥ μ2

27. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING RESULTS Fourth sub scale Hypothesis 6: The percentage of Taiwanese students who participate in the recycling system of the National Tsing Hua University is notably higher than the Latin American students’ participation because the latter hardly understand it.

28. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING RESULTS Fourth sub scale > α(.05) t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances (Pr > |t|)< α(.05) It is considered significant μ1 ≥ μ2

29. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING RESULTS Fifth sub scale Hypothesis 7: Students’ recycling education has influence on the participation in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University. Hypothesis 8: Taiwanese students’ recycling education is better than the Latin American students’ recycling education.

30. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING RESULTS Fifth sub scale > α(.05) t-Test Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances (Pr > |t|)< α(.05) It is considered significant μ1 ≥ μ2

31. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING Discussion Government policy Taiwanese students’ participation is higher than Latin American students’ participation in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University because Taiwanese students’ perception of government recycling policy is better than the Latin American students’ perception

32. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING Discussion Environmental consciousness Taiwanese students’ participation is higher than Latin American students’ participation in the Recycling System of the National Tsing Hua University because the Taiwanese students’ perception of environmental problem is higher than the Latin American students’ perception

33. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING Discussion Familiarization with the recycling system of NTHU For most of the Latin American students the recycling system in the NTHU is a new experience. NTHU is not helping Latin American students to participate in its recycling. Taiwanese students’ participation is higher because although they have not received training they react automatically as it is part of their education.

34. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING Discussion Level of development The percentage of Taiwanese students who participate in the recycling system of the National Tsing Hua University is higher than the Latin American students’ participation because Taiwanese students’ recycling education is better than the Latin American students’ recycling education.

35. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING Conclusions The socioeconomic conditions prevalent in developing countries differ significantly from those in industrialized countries. Profound differences exist between industrialized and developing countries in terms of income, living standards, unemployment, consumption patterns, capital available, level of education and institutional capacity. Developing countries’ governments are not assuming the responsibility for recycling in developing countries.

36. SOCIOECONOMICS AND RECYCLING Conclusions Latin American students must learn how to recycle and understand its importance. The NTHU may be a way to teach them and make them part of this important activity. Future studies can analyze how to motivation Latin American students towards recycling systems while they are in the NTHU and before they return to their countries.

37. THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!!