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1 Preparing for the written paper (or 12 tips to success) 1 st July 2003 Brian Russell Chief Examiner Principal Moderator GCSE Product Design
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2 Tip 1 – Be equipped You will need: Blue or black pen (take a spare) Pencil (take a sharpener) Coloured pencils (a range) 300mm Ruler Eraser
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3 Tip 2 – Pace yourself Don’t rush Read the questions carefully Spend approximately a minute per mark Don’t waste time Don’t use colour until you have completed the written questions Improve drawings if time allows
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4 Tip 3 – Materials/components Where do materials come from? How are materials classified (grouped)? What are components and why are they used? Know about paper/card: Where it comes from How it is made How products are cut from paper/card
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5 Making Paper Trees cut & shredded Water added Boiled up to make wood pulp Chemicals and dyes added Pulp poured over fine mesh and squeezed between rollers
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6 Cutting Paper/card Die-cutting (creasing done with rounded blade) I Cut – Die Cut
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7 Tip 4 - New Products Where do ideas come from? Nature, geometry, other products….. Can you name a designer? Can you explain why their products are successful?
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8 Tip 5 – Product evolution Why do products change over time? New materials New manufacturing methods New technologies Social changes Fashions/trends Legislation
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9 Continuous improvement Manufacturers need to keep improving their products to stay competitive or to meet changing regulation/legislation. Production staff Consumer/retailer feedback Maintenance engineers Pressure groups (environment) Financial savings…….
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10 Tip 6 – Packaging The purpose of packaging is to: Protect Inform Contain Transport Preserve Display I PICT PD
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11 Food packaging Materials (food grade) Composite materials Spillage Security Hygiene Insulation Legal requirements How are they made?
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12 Graphics Clear text Simple bold images Impact Can you explain how the artwork would be done using a computer?
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13 Labelling Key information found on labelling Includes: Product name Description Safety information Contents Storage/maintenance information Environmental information
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14 Tip 7 – Human factors Anthropometrics Ergonomics Improving comfort Working triangles Special groups Adjustment for different sizes
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15 Tip 8 – Product maintenance Symbols found on a range of products and their packaging/labelling Maintenance schedules
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16 Product maintenance Care labels
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17 Tip 9 - Consumer Protection BSI Kite Marks European Standards (Conformité Europeenne) Trade association standards
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18 Tip 10 - Manufacturing Preparation of materials Industrial manufacturing processes Use of labour Quality Assurance/Quality Control Implications of ICT Scales of production
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19 Your own manufacturing Ensure that you can explain: How you would make models and prototypes The tools you would use Use of quality control Manufacturing aids (e.g. jigs) Making in quantity
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20 Commercial manufacturing Materials are processed using: Moulding/casting Forming Wastage/separation Conditioning Assembling Finishing
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21 Health & safety Consider: Your own safety when making The user’s safety Manufacturing processes Manufacturing waste Risk Assessment
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22 Tip 11 – CAD/CAM Computer Aided Design Computer Aided Manufacture Advantages: Sharing information Accuracy Repeatability Flexibility (ease of making changes) Speed……
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23 Computer Aided Manufacture Printers Vinyl cutters Milling/engraving machines Routers Lathes Laser-cutters Embroidery machines Rapid prototyping
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24 Inkjet & laser printers Used for one-offs/prototypes Small print runs Large areas Direct onto fabrics/carpets Transfer printing Sublimation printing
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25 Vinyl cutters Signs (especially vehicles) Graphics on prototypes Iron-on vinyl (T shirts) Labels for prototypes Card nets for prototypes Masks for stencilling/sandblasting Decoration on ceramics
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26 Milling/engraving machines Cutting flat (2D) shapes in rigid materials Engraving copper board for electronics Signage name plaques etc. Raised forms (3D)
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27 Routers Used mainly on timber (MDF) and rigid foams 3 axis – partial 3D 4 axis – turns material to get full 3D 5 axis – full 3D, much better detail
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28 Lathes Work revolves against cutter Cylindrical Conical Spherical
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29 Laser cutters Very accurate cutting for sheet materials engraving
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30 Embroidery Machines Detailed designs on fabric Text & graphics Repeat patterns
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31 Rapid Prototyping Prototype built up layer by layer – Stereo lithography 3D printing 3D layering
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32 Tip 12 – Buy a Revision Guide Written for this course Read it Use workbook to check your understanding
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