1. Zenaida B. Soriano,MS Senior ASEAN Expert Cosmetics
ORAL CARE
Zenaida B. Soriano,MS
Senior ASEAN Expert
Cosmetics

2. ORAL CARE PRODUCTS
Toothbrush
Dentifrice
Oral Rinses

3. ORAL ENVIRONMENT

4. ORAL ENVIRONMENT Teeth Gingiva / Mucosa Saliva Plaque Tartar Caries
Periodontal Disease

5. ORAL ENVIRONMENT TEETH
Enamel – hard, white outer covering surrounding the crown of the tooth. Consists of inorganic substances, calcium and phosphate.
Cementum – thin, bone-like material covering the root. Also consists of inorganic substances.
Dentin – a yellow bone-line material under the enamel
Provides support
Forms bulk of tooth
Composed of collagen (20%) and calcium phosphate (75%)
Pulp – soft tissue in the center of the crown and root
Contains nerves, blood vessels and lymph vessels
Produces dentin
Provides nourishment for tooth
Functions as a sensory signal of injury
Pellicle – thin salivary film covering the tooth composed of proteins and lipids

6. Figure 1: Diagrammatic Sketch of the Tooth and Periodontal Tissue

7. Figure 2: The Palatal Surface of the Upper Jaw
A diagrammatic representation of palatal surface of the upper jaw, with a full complement of permanent teeth
Source: Morton Pader p.23

8. Figure 3: The Maxillary Teeth
Source: Morton Pader p. 25

9. Figure 4: The Mandibular Teeth
Source: Morton Pader p. 26

10. Figure 5: The Deciduous Teeth
Source: Morton Pader p. 27

11. Figure 6: The Permanent Teeth
Source: Morton Pader p. 27

12. Table 1: Approximate Age of Tooth Eruption
Source: Morton Pader p. 28

13. ORAL ENVIRONMENT GINGIVA / MUCOSA
Gingiva – dense fibrous tissue surrounding necks of teeth
Covered by a smooth mucous membrane which bleeds easily when penetrated
Also called “periodontal tissue” or “gums”
Oral mucosa – “mucous membrane” lining the mouth
Peridontium - attachment apparatus consisting of
Gingiva
Cementum
Periodontal ligament
Jawbone
Oral mucosa

14. ORAL ENVIRONMENT SALIVA
A complex fluid secreted by salivary glands containing water, mucin, proteins, salts and enzymes.
Functions:
aids in digestion
lubricates both hard and soft tissues
buffers cariogenic acids
forms the pellicle
provides minerals for repairing enamel / cementum (remineralization)
delivers antimicrobial agents (immunoglobulins, enzymes, etc.)

15. ORAL ENVIRONMENT PLAQUE
Soft sticky, invisible film constantly forming in your mouth. Covers teeth and gums.
Oral mucosa cells
Saliva
Bacteria
Can be removed by brushing and flossing.
Gram + cocci Gram + rods Gram – anaerobes
(healthy mouth) (gingivitis)
Formation / progression influenced by:
Diet
Host immune system
Oral environment

16. Inhibition of Plaque Accumulation
Source: Morton Pader p.54 (Table 3)

17. ORAL ENVIRONMENT TARTAR
Calcification (crystallization of minerals) on the surface of the tooth formed mainly in the presence of plaque.
Rough surface promotes further growth of plaque
Stains easily (yellow / brown)
Most prevalent near salivary glands and around necks and roots of teeth
Removed only by dentist
Tartar Control Agents (Pyrophosphate)
Acts as crystal “poisons” to stop formation
Easily degraded by oral enzymes / stabilized by fluoride and Gantrez.

18. ORAL ENVIRONMENT CARIES
A progressively destructive, infectious disease resulting in:
Demineralization of enamel / cementum
Bacterial penetration to pulp
Formation of macroscopic activity
Caries promotion Caries reduction
dietary carbohydrate increased salivary flow
reduced salivary flow reduced plaque
cariogenic bacteria fluoride
Sound enamel
plaque acid prod
saliva
acid neutralization
mineral loss
mineral gain
(fluoride)
Lesions
Cavity

19. COMPOSITION & CHEMISTRY OF DENTIFRICES

20. COMPOSITION & CHEMISTRY OF DENTIFRICES
A dentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surfaces of the teeth (American Dental Association)
TOOTHPASTE:
Toothpaste is a colloidal suspension of a mixture of ingredients that must be carefully balanced in order to provide an efficacious, safe, and consumer friendly product

21. TOOTHPASTE INGREDIENTS
Abrasive
Binder
Humectant
Sweetener
Flavor
Surfactant
Active Ingredients

22. ABRASIVE Function: Characteristics: Cleaning and polishing
Solid, insoluble particles
Abrasive
Potential for fluoride interaction

23. ABRASIVE Types : Silica Phosphate Salts – ie “Dical”
Carbonates – ie Calcium Carbonate or Chalk
Others

24. Radioactive Dentin Abrasion Method
This procedure involves the use of accelerated toothbrushing apparatus and dentin section that contain radioactive phosphorous. The ADA standard was set at 100, which corresponds to RDA value of 475.

25. Figure 7: In-vitro Abrasion Studies, RDA
This photograph shows a two-brush model abrasion machine, which is used in in vitro dentifrice abrasion studies.
Figure 10-1 (p.173 Textbook of Preventive Dentistry)
Source: Stallard, Richard E. A Textbook of Preventive Dentistry (Second Edition).

26. Comparative Abrasiveness of some Commercially Available Dentifrices as Determined by a Radioactive Dentin Procedure
Source: Stallard, Richard E. A Textbook of Preventive Dentistry (Second Edition).

27. BINDER Function: Characteristics:
Used to stabilize toothpaste formulations to prevent separation of the liquid and solid phases
Characteristics:
Can be natural or synthetic

28. BINDER Types: Natural Polymers Synthetic Polymers Others
Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)
Carrageenans
Xanthan Gum
Synthetic Polymers
Others

29. HUMECTANT Function: Characteristics:
Used in toothpaste to prevent loss of water and subsequent hardening of the product upon exposure to air
Characteristics:
Affect taste perception
Proper usage level produce a clear translucent
toothpaste

30. HUMECTANT Types: Glycerine Sorbitol Polyethylene Glycol Xylitol
Propylene Glycol

31. SWEETENER
Types:
Sodium Saccharin
Sodium Cyclamate
Acesulfame K

32. SWEETENER Function: Characteristics:
An important part of toothpaste flavoring system
Characteristics:
Government regulations
Non-cariogenic

33. FLAVOR Function: Characteristics:
Improve taste of toothpaste
Characteristics:
One of the most important factors for consumer
A mixture of flavoring agents

34. FLAVOR
Types:
Minty
Fruity
Medicinal
Cinnamon

35. Oral products have a unique and specialized flavor requirements
Oral products have a unique and specialized flavor requirements. To be successful in oral products, a flavor must:
Have a pleasant taste while brushing
Leave a pleasant taste in your mouth after brushing
Be compatible with the base

36. All factors being roughly equal – “mouthfeel” appearance, perceived therapeutic attributes, etc. – the consumer will look to flavor as the determinant in selecting a product for use day after day and year after year.

37. SURFACTANT Function: Characteristics:
Produce foam and aid in the removal of debris
Emulsifies flavoring agents
Characteristics:
May react with other toothpaste components
High level may cause mucosal irritation

38. SURFACTANT Types: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Sodium N-Lauroyl Sarcosinate
Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate
PEG Oil

39. FLUORIDE ACTIVES Function: Characteristics: Regulated by Government
Increase resistance to enamel solubility
Characteristics:
Regulated by Government
Restricted usage level
Soluble fluoride ion is essential for activity

40. FLUORIDE ACTIVES Types: Sodium Fluoride NaF
Sodium Monofluorophosphate MFP
Stannous Fluoride SnF2

41. Anticaries Dentifrices: FDA Tentative Final Monograph

42. OTHER ACTIVES Tartar Polyphosphates Zinc Citrate
Plaque / Gingivitis Triclosan
SnF2
Chlorhexidine
Desensitizer Potassium Nitrate
Whitening Calcium Peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide

43. TYPICAL COMPOSITION Ingredients Weight % Humectants 60 – 20
Water – 50
Binders – 12
Abrasive – 50
Flavor – 2.0
Sweetener – 1.0
Surfactant – 2.0
Fluoride – 1.2

44. U.S. FORMULA COMPARISON

45. TOOTHPASTE CONSIDERATIONS
Safety
Efficacy
Consumer Friendly
Pleasing taste
Ease of use
Pleasing appearance

46. PRODUCT CRITERIA Minimum one year shelf life Easily dispensable
Compatible with the package
Efficacious
Safe

47. MOUTHWASHES or ORAL RINSES

48. Ingredients of Dentifrices and Oral Rinses

49. Mouthwash Components
Source: Morton Pader (Table 2) p. 500

50. Thank You