2. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:  Define terms related to data & database administration  List several major functions of data/database administration  Describe the changing roles of the data and database administrator in the current business environment

3. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Data Administration  Data Administration: A high-level function that is responsible for the overall management of data resources in an organization, including maintaining corporate-wide definitions and standards  Database Administration  Database Administration: A technical function that is responsible for physical database design and for dealing with technical issues such as security enforcement, database performance, and backup and recovery

4. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2 1. Data policies, procedures, standards 2. Planning 3. Data conflict (ownership) resolution 4. Managing the information repository 5. Internal marketing of DA concepts

5. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Data policies, procedures, standards  Data Policies: statements that make explicit the goals of DA  Every user must have a valid password  Data procedure: written outlines of actions to be taken to perform certain activity  Data Standard: explicit conventions and behaviors that are to be followed and that can be used to help evaluate database quality  Minimum characters for password: 8

6. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Planning  Provide leadership in developing the organization’s Information Architecture (IA) Information Architecture (IA)  Requires both an understanding the needs of the organization for data and information and the ability to lead the development of an information architecture

7. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Data conflict (ownership) resolution  Who owns the data?  DA: suitable person because DA is not associated with a certain department  Procedures must be established

8. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Managing the information repository  Repositories contain metadata  describe an organization’s data and data processing resources  Replacing Data Dictionaries  Serves as an essential source of information and functionality for:  Users: who must understand data definitions, business rules and relationships among data objects  CASE tools used  Applications that access and manipulate data  DBMS: maintain the repository and update system privileges, passwords, object definitions

9. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Internal marketing of DA concepts  The importance of procedures and policies  Effective internal marketing  reduce resistance to change and data ownership problems

10. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2 1. Analyzing and designing databases 2. Selection of DBMS and software tools 3. Installing/upgrading DBMS 4. Tuning database performance 5. Improving query processing performance 6. Managing data security, privacy, and integrity 7. Data backup and recovery

11. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Analyzing and designing databases  Prioritizing application transactions by volume, importance and complexity  Specifications should be reviewed as quickly as the transactions are developed  Selection of DBMS and software tools  Establish policies regarding the DBMS and related system software that will be supported within the organization

12. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Installing/upgrading DBMS  All the correct versions of different modules are in place, all the proper device drivers are present and the DBMS works correctly with any third party software products  User accounts must be created and maintained.  Tuning database performance  Performance of a database (query and update processing time as well as data storage utilization) needs to be monitored  Design of a database must be frequently changed to meet new requirements  Database  rebuilt, reorganized, and re-indexed: recover wasted space and to correct poor data allocation and fragmentation

13. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Improving query processing performance  Queries may need to be rewritten in a more efficient form  Index may need to be added or deleted  Data may need to be relocated to different devices  Managing data security, privacy, and integrity  Data backup and recovery

14. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2 DATABASE PLANNING Develop corporate database strategy/policies Develop enterprise model (information architecture) Develop cost/benefit models Design database environment/select technologies Develop and market data administration plan DATABASE ANALYSIS Define and model data requirements (conceptual) Define and model business rules Define operational requirements Resolve requirements conflicts Maintain corporate data dictionary/repository

15. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2 DATABASE DESIGN Perform logical database design Design external model (sub schemas) Design internal (physical) models Design integrity controls DATABASE IMPLEMENTATION Specify database access policies Establish security controls Install DBMS Supervise database loading Specify test procedures Develop application programming standards Establish procedures for backup and recovery Conduct user training

16. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Backup and recover databases Upgrade DBMS Monitor database performance Tune and reorganize databases Resolve access conflict Tune and rewrite queries Enforce standards and procedures Support users GROWTH AND CHANGE Implement change-control procedure Plan growth and change Evaluate new technology

17. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Trends and new skills needed:  Increased used of procedural logic  Triggers, stored procedures Triggers  Proliferation of e-business applications  Increase use of Smart phones

18. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  New role, coming with the growth in data warehouses  Similar to DA/DBA roles  Emphasis on integration and coordination of metadata/data across many data sources  Specific roles:  Support DSS applications  Manage data warehouse growth  Establish service level agreements regarding data warehouses and data marts

19. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  DEFINITION:  Free DBMS source code software that provides the core functionality of an SQL-compliant DBMS  An alternative to proprietary packages such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, or Microsoft Access  mySQL is an example of an open-source DBMS  Advantages:  Less expensive than proprietary packages  Source code available, for modification  Have different version (simple to complex, free to some cost(additional features)  No additional cost for copies or licensing

20. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Disadvantages:  Absence of complete documentation  Ambiguous licensing concerns  Not as feature-rich as proprietary DBMSs  Vendors may not have certification programs

21. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Consider these factors when choosing an open source DBMS:  Features  Support  Ease-of-use  Stability  Speed  Training  Licensing

22. END OF CHAPTER INFORMATION IN THIS SLIDES WERE TAKEN FROM MODERN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, TENTH EDITION BY JEFFREY A.HOFFER, V.RAMESH & HEIKKI TOPI.

23. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Definition  the discipline of defining an information model or concept and structuring information around this.  Information architecture (IA) is the art of expressing a model or concept of information used in activities that require explicit details of complex systems  a conceptual framework that defines the basic structure, content and relationships of the organizational databases that provide the data needed to support the basic business processes of an organization

24. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2 Taken from: http://www.shiftedpixels.com.au/S_Information-Architecture.phphttp://www.shiftedpixels.com.au/S_Information-Architecture.php

25. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2 Taken from: http://ausweb.scu.edu.au/aw01/papers/refereed/sawyer/paper.htmlhttp://ausweb.scu.edu.au/aw01/papers/refereed/sawyer/paper.html

26. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2 Taken from: http://businessfoundation.typepad.com/bf_blog/2008/11/world-class-information- architecture.htmlhttp://businessfoundation.typepad.com/bf_blog/2008/11/world-class-information- architecture.html

27. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2  Routines  Program modules that execute on demand  Functions–routines that return values and take input parameters  Procedures–routines that do not return values and can take input or output parameters  Triggers  Routines that execute in response to a database event (INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE)

28. Data and Database Administration CISB514 Advanced Database

29. Data and Database Administration CISB344 Database 2 CREATE TRIGGER STANDARD_PRICE_UPDATE AFTER UPDATE OF STANDARD_PRICE ON PRODUCT_T FOR EACH ROW INSERT INTO PRICE_UPDATES_T VALUES (PRODUCT_DESCRIPTION, DATE, STANDARD_PRICE);