1. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-1 chapter McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. CHAPTER OUTLINE Race, Ethnicity, & “Minority” Prejudice, Discrimination, & Racism Government / Social Policy Current Controversies 1 RACE AND ETHNICITY

2. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-2 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups Source: Author’s estimate; Bureau of the Census 1975, 2000c; Grieco and Cassidy 2001; Thornton 1987. Continued…

3. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-3 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups Source: Author’s estimate; Bureau of the Census 1975, 2000c; Grieco and Cassidy 2001; Thornton 1987. Continued…

4. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-4 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups What is causing White non-Hispanic to soon be the minority population?

5. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-5 Race and Ethnicity: Immigration Trends █ Figure 10.6: Immigration in the United States, 1820s-1990s

6. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-6 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups –Racial Group: group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences –Ethnic Group: group that is set apart from others primarily because of where they come from or unique cultural patterns (religion, etc.) █ Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups

7. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-7 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups –Biological Significance of Race There are no “pure races” Migration, exploration, and invasion led to intermingling of races █ Race

8. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-8 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups █ The trouble with race “African – Americans” - of Southern slave decent? - “house” or “field” slave? - of Northern freed slave decent? - of Caribbean decent? - of African immigrant decent?

9. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-9 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups People define a group as a race in part on physical characteristics and in part on historical, cultural, and economic factors Most issues related to race and ethnicity are based on the social interaction between and among them. █ Race –Social Significance of Race

10. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-10 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups █ Stereotypes & Generalizations What’s the difference?

11. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-11 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups █ Stereotypes & Generalizations Stereotype – a view that may no longer be based in fact but still continues. Irish – “lazy drunks” Generalization – a view that is based in fact and not meant to harm or put down. Greeks – “own diners”

12. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-12 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups █ Stereotypes & Generalizations How do they form?

13. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-13 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups █ Stereotypes & Generalizations –Culturally developed skills –Chinese – merchants, education –Jewish – textile, money, educ. –“Middle-Men Minorities” –Germans – military, farming, piano making –Irish – political leadership

14. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-14 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups █ Germans and the Amer. military

15. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-15 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups █ Stereotypes & Generalizations Discounting something as “only” a stereotype does a disservice to the group and society.

16. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-16 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups █ Stereotypes & Generalizations Asian success in school is not “only” or “just” a stereotype!

17. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-17 Prejudice and Discrimination –Ethnocentrism: Tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life are superior to all others –Prejudice: Negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority –Racism: form of prejudice; Belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior █ Attitudes & Beliefs

18. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-18 Prejudice and Discrimination –Discrimination: denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on some type of arbitrary bias. Discrimination persists even for educated and qualified minority members “The Glass Ceiling” █ Behaviors / Actions

19. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-19 “The Glass Ceiling” CEO / Pres. / Boards ______________________ Regional Managers Managers General Employee

20. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-20 Prejudice and Discrimination –not the people, it’s the system) █ Institutional Discrimination

21. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-21 Prejudice and Discrimination –Examples: Requiring English only to be spoken at work. Preferential admissions policies by colleges Restrictive employment-leave policies █ Institutional Discrimination

22. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-22 Studying Race and Ethnicity █ “Contact Hypothesis” –Interracial contact between people will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon old stereotypes

23. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-23 Racism █ Did racism lead to slavery or did slavery lead to racism?

24. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-24 Government Action █ US Constitution –Slavery –3/5 Rule █ Civil War █ 14 th Amendment – citizenship / “equal protection” █ 15 th Amendment – voting rights █ 1876 Jim Crow Laws █ 1896 Plessy v Ferguson –“Separate but equal”

25. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-25 Government Action █ 1954 – Brown v Board of Ed. –“Desegregated” schools –“Separate schools inherently unequal” █ “Char-Meck” Case –Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg County –“Integrated” schools - Forced busing █ Bakke Case v Univ. of Calif. Med School –“Set-aside program” - Affirmative Action

26. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-26 Government Action █ Institutional Discrimination Affirmative Action: Positive efforts to recruit minority members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. A remedy or a contradiction? What do you think?

27. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-27 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups –Properties of minority groups include: Unequal treatment Distinguishing cultural characteristics Involuntary membership Solidarity In-group marriage █ Minority Groups Groups whose members have significantly less control or power than members of the dominant or majority group

28. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-28 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups █ Minority Groups v Minority Status -Minority Group – determined by population numbers relative to other groups in society -Minority Status – a group that may or may not be the majority of people in a population but who do not share the same power, advantages, and/or privileges as others.

29. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-29 Patterns of Intergroup Relations –Process by which a person forsakes (decreases/eliminates parts of) his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture –Geno’s Steaks controversyGeno’s Steaks controversy What do you think? █ Assimilation

30. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-30 Patterns of Intergroup Relations Process by which a group identifies aspects of their culture that are holding them back and replaces them with others that will lead to more positive outcomes. Irish-Catholics Jewish Americans █ Acculturation

31. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-31 Government Policy █ Racial Profiling: any arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person’s behavior –Trayvon Martin Case?Trayvon Martin Case? █ Hate Crime Laws: an act motivated by prejudice or bias. To be a hate crime, the act must be criminal - not a mere expression of an intolerant opinion.

32. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-32 Race and Economics The “costs” of discrimination Examples: █ Jackie Robinson █ Montgomery Bus Boycott █ Sit-Ins & Department Stores

33. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10-33 Race and Economics █ “The Asian dilemma” –Discrimination –Highest academic achievers in US –Highest avg. salaries in US –Little to no government representation █ The power of GREEN!