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Ms. Tate Biology/Pre-AP International Scholars Academy
Week of Ms. Tate Biology/Pre-AP International Scholars Academy
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Monday 11-11-13 Happy Veterans Day!
Objective: compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter Agenda: ( Biology Courses) Bell Ringer 17 (47R)- 5 min Complete 8-1 and 8-2 as a review over photosynthesis. (48L)- ( 40 min- 5 less for 4th/5th) Closure/Door Ticket: (48R): What is the difference between the light dependent and the light independent cycles? ( one hint: what is produced at the end of one cycle and used in the next?) – 5 min Homework: Complete the Cellular Respiration Animation Sheet ( due tomorrow) – (49L); Quiz ( Photosynthesis)- Friday
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Cheer 11-11-13 You have until 3: 25 to get dressed out.
Stretch for 3 min Motions Jumps Chants (random calling) Review entire pep rally performance 4 time ( new cheer playlist on windows)
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Tuesday Objective: compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter Agenda: ( Biology Courses) Due: Cellular Animation Notes Engage/Explore: Cellular Respiration Lab (40 min)-( 49R) Clean Up Station (5 min) Start on completing the 4 Lab Analysis Questions ( remainder) – finish for homework Homework: ( study notes in journal for upcoming quiz); finish lab report
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Cheer 11-12-13 You have until 3: 25 to get dressed out.
Stretch for 3 min Chants (random calling) Review entire pep rally performance 4 time ( new cheer playlist on windows)- Game night---don’t forget poms, to ride the after school bus ( be there by 4:45).
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Study Skills ELA Intervention Day R.A.F.T Letter Read over the instructions given. Write a Letter to Kevin with all of the information listed on the instruction sheet
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Wednesday Objective: compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter Agenda For Today 9-1 Notes ( PowerPoint) – (50L) 9-1 Independent Work- (50R) Due: Cellular Animation Notes( 5th); Lab Reports ( all) Homework: ( study notes in journal for upcoming quiz on photosynthesis) ; Finish 9-1
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Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-1
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-1
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In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to
AUTOTROPHS ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to trap energy from __________ and make ______________ PHOTOSYNTHESIS sunlight food (glucose)
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In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______
is stored as _______ in a process called ___________________ broken down energy ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION What kind of organisms do this?
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What kind of organisms do this?
plants fungi animals bacteria ________ (Including _______) ______ ______ ______ humans ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY!
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How do we get the sugar from the plants?
REMEMBER! _______________ get their energy by eating other organisms. HETEROTROPHS We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly or eating the _________ that ate the plants. eating plants animals Image from:
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REMEMBER CELL BIO
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Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html
Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane surrounding mitochondria = ______________________ Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ CYTOPLASM mitochondria
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MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant
Surrounded by ___________ membrane Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called _______________ ) Space between inner membrane & outer membrane = ____________________ Space inside cristae folds = _________________ CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria DOUBLE CRISTAE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE MATRIX
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All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) use the _____________ to
Image from: All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) use the _____________ to charge up their _______ energy in food ATP
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to release energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________
This process of releasing the to release energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________ ATP CELLULAR RESPIRATION Image by Riedell Image from:
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slowly many steps light and heat in ________________.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________ in ________________. If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________! slowly many steps light and heat
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6O2 C6H12O6
___________ + _________ + ___________ →_______________ + __________ 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6O2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 6 CO2 _____________ + _________ →________ + __________ + __________ ______________________________________________________________ 6O2 6 H2O The two equations are exact opposites!
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UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1◦ Celsius = _______________ Unit for measuring energy in food = _______________ 1 Calorie = _________ calories calorie Calorie 1000
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________ + _________ → ____________ FAD 2 e- + 2H+
Remember from Photosynthesis? High energy electron carrier = ___________ Cellular respiration uses some different carriers to transport high energy electrons. _______ & ________ NADP+ NAD FAD ________ + _________ → ____________ 2 e- + H+ NAD+ ________ + _________ → ____________ FAD 2 e- + 2H+
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The first step in cellular respiration = __________________
Glycolysis happens in the ________________ outside the mitochondria GLYCOLYSIS CYTOPLASM See glycolysis movie
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Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ )
BUT it needs some ____________to get it started. What molecule do you think is going to supply the energy do this? sweet split apart DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN ENERGY ATP
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____________________ + _______________
GLYCOLYSIS ________ ↓ ___________ → → _____________ ____________________ + _______________ GLUCOSE 2 PYRUVIC ACID ATP ATP ATP ATP NADH NADH 4 ATP’s 2 ATP’s PUT IN ________ and GET BACK __________ Net gain of ________ and __________ 2 ATP’s NADH
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PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________) IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________) = ANAEROBIC = AEROBIC
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PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN WITHOUT
2 kinds of fermentation ___________________ & _____________________ WITHOUT ANAEROBIC Alcoholic Lactic acid
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ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____ PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL CO2 NAD+ Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise CO2 bubbles make _____________ in bread Alcohol _______________ during cooking air spaces evaporates
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ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____ PYRUVIC ACID ALCOHOL CO2 NAD+ Happens when ___________ make _______ or ____________ make ______ yeast beer bacteria wine
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LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
_______ +_____ →______________ + ________ PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID NAD+ muscles Happens in _____________ during ____________when body can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough. Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness exercise
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LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
_______ +_____ →______________ + ________ PYRUVIC ACID LACTIC ACID NAD+ Happens when bacteria are used to make __________and ____________ like: Yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut, pickles, cheese sour cream, & kimchi food beverages
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WHY DO FERMENTATION? WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS?
WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID ___________ and all the _______ carriers get full. Eventually glycolysis will builds up NAD+ NAD+
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→ → FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________
PYRUVIC ACID _______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____ CO2 NAD+ ALCOHOL → NAD+ LACTIC ACID ______ → You get the NAD+ carriers back FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________ needed to keep glycolysis going REGENERATE the NAD+
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Plants do ____________ but photosynthesis
Flooded Corn Field Plants do ____________ but photosynthesis By: plants need ______________________ too. If plants seeds are under water 3 days or more, the seeds will die. If a plants roots are under water for 3 days or more, the plants will die. oxygen for cellular respiration
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Thursday Objective: compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter Agenda For Today Today’s Objective 9-2 Notes ( PowerPoint) – (51R) 9-2 Independent Work- (52L)- This may be homework A cool summary : Cell Respiration Song ( exit engage) Homework: ( study notes in journal for upcoming quiz on photosynthesis tomorrow); finish 9-2 sheet
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KREBS CYCLE & ELECTRON TRANSPORT Chapter 9-2
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REMEMBER: The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis
REMEMBER: The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis. The presence or absence of _______________ decides which path it takes next. OXYGEN
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See video 9A AEROBIC RESPIRATION
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Flowchart Cellular Respiration
Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This is the path that is taken when oxygen is present.
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Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing
_______________ follows glycolysis if oxygen is present KREBS CYCLE
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See video 9C See video 9D KREBS CYCLE KREBS cont’d
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REMEMBER: Glycolysis happens in the ________________ outside the mitochondria. Krebs cycle happens in _____________ inside the mitochondria CYTOPLASM MATRIX
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(also called pyruvate) enters the _________________
PYRUVIC ACID _______________ (also called pyruvate) enters the _________________ Pyruvic acid joins with _______________ to form ________________ MITOCHONDRION COENZYME A ACETYL - CoA Diagram by Riedell
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(We will come back to this later)
WHERE DO THESE GO? Carbon dioxide is released into the ________________ High energy electron carriers move into the ____________________ atmosphere ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (We will come back to this later)
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Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #2)
Citric Acid Formation: Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #2) 2 carbon ACETYL-COA combines with a 4 carbon molecule to form a 6-carbon molecule called _______________ . citric acid
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WHERE DO THESE GO? Coenzyme A goes back to pick up another ________________ Citric acid completes the ____________ Pyruvic acid KREBS CYCLE
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KREBS CYCLE Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #3) KREBS CYCLE PRODUCES
____ 3 1 1 4
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WHERE DOES IT GO? → 6 carbons in original glucose are lost as ________________ to atmosphere Carbon dioxide
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WHERE DO THESE GO? ATP can be used directly to supply __________ for the cell. High energy electron carriers move into the ____________________ energy ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
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Bell Work Why is water considered to be a universal solvent?
Because it is a polar molecule.
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Electron Transport Chain
Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain We will next focus on the Electron Transport Chain.
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Enzymes for ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN are located in the
WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN? ET Glycolysis KREBS Enzymes for ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN are located in the ___________________________ Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)
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See video 9E See video 9F ELECTRON TRANSPORT ET cont’d
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INTERMEMBRANE SPACE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN CRISTAE MATRIX
Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
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Electron Transport Chain Animation-(select start, continue, and #1)
electrons High-energy _____________ from __________ and __________ are passed along the electron transport chain. Energy from passing electrons is used to transport _____________________ across the membrane. NADH FADH2 Hydrogen ions (H+)
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Electron Transport Chain:
Electron Transport Chain Animation-(select start, continue, and #3) The pumping of H+ ions into the _______________________ represents potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to form _______ INTERMEMBRANE SPACE ATP SYNTHASE ATP
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Electron Transport Chain:
OXYGEN ________________ serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain. At the end of the electron transport chain, an enzyme combines the electrons with the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form ______________ water (H2O)
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Electron Transport Chain Animation-(#1 and #2)
NADH High-energy electrons from ________ come in at beginning but electrons from _________ come in farther down the chain. FADH2
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SO: NADH → _____ FADH2 → _____ 3 ATP’s 2 ATP’s
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Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
WHATS THE BIG PICTURE? Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Electron Transport Chain Glucose Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Cytoplasm Mitochondrion
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION includes:
______________________ _______________________ GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
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GLYCOLYSIS Happens in ______________ Breaks down ____________
into ________________ Produces _______ __________ CYTOPLASM outside mitochondria 1 glucose 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate) 2 2
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KREBS CYCLE happens in ________________ Breaks down _________________
Produces: ____ ____ ____ ____ MATRIX inside mitochondria 2 pyruvic acid 2 6 8 2
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT cristae inner membrane of mitochondria
Enzymes found in _____________ Uses high energy electrons and H+ ions donated by _______ and _______ Makes ___________ ________ acts a final electron acceptor to produce ________ cristae inner membrane of mitochondria NADH FADH2 32 (net) ATP OXYGEN H2O
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Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION (aerobic/ with oxygen): 1 glucose → _______________ FERMENTATION (anaerobic/ without oxygen): 1 glucose → ________________ 36 ATP 2 ATP
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CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY
Remember ! CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY Cells burn GLUCOSE for their energy needs Images from:
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EXERCISE and ENERGY Cells normally contain _________
EXERCISE and ENERGY (Short term energy) Cells normally contain _________ amounts of ATP produced by _______________ & __________________________ (only enough for a few seconds of activity) Once this ATP is used up_____________ fermentation can provide enough ATP to last about ___________________. SMALL GLYCOLYSIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION LACTIC ACID 90 seconds
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EXERCISE and ENERGY (Short term energy)
Once race is over, _______________ must be broken down using oxygen. A quick sprint builds up an ________________ that must be repaid by ______________________ Lactic acid oxygen debt heavy breathing Image from:
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EXERCISE and ENERGY (LONGER term energy) For exercise longer than 90 seconds _____________________ is the only way to make enough ATP. Cellular respiration releases energy _____________ than fermentation. Well conditioned athletes must pace themselves during a long race. Cellular respiration more slowly
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GLYCOGEN What happens in a long race when the body’s glucose all
is used up? Animal cells store GLUCOSE as _____________ to use later. GLYCOGEN REMEMBER Image from:
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MUSCLES glycogen EXERCISE and ENERGY (LONGER term energy)
________________ store glucose as ________________ which can be broken down into glucose to supply energy for_______________ of activity. MUSCLES glycogen 15-20 minutes
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That’s why aerobic exercise must continue for longer than
EXERCISE and ENERGY (LONGER term energy) After glycogen stores are used up the body begins to break down ________ That’s why aerobic exercise must continue for longer than 20 minutes if you want to lose weight! FAT Image from:
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All __________________ (bacteria)
ALL CELLS NEED ENERGY All __________________ (including plant and animal cells) have _______________ for cellular respiration All __________________ (bacteria) have their electron transport enzymes attached to their _____________________ Remember: No membrane bound organelles! Eukaryotes mitochondria Prokaryotes Cell membranes
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Study Skills 11-15-13 Study Hall Day You may:
Work on the computer on an assignment for class Work quietly at your desk on a homework assignment Read a book/Study Notes Please remain seated, quiet, and on task. This statement is your warning!
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Friday Objective: compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter Agenda For Today Bell Ringer 18 ( review of cell resp)( 52L)- 12 min Start Flow Chart (52R)- Photosynthesis Side- 10 min Photosynthesis Quiz ( after quiz continue to work on flow chart quietly)- remainder of class Homework: Finish Photosynthesis/Cellular Flow Chart- due Monday at the start of class or its LATE!
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