1. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview What do you know about respiration?

2. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Where do heterotrophs get energy? Autotrophs vs. heterotrophs Chemical energy Calories – 1Cal = 1000 cal – Carbs/proteins 4Cal/g – Fats 9 Cal/g Cells – Don’t burn food – Break down gradually – Produce ATP

3. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Respiration Overview Oxygen + glucose  carbon dioxide + water + energy 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy Several steps – Slow release of energy – Useful forms of energy Glycolysis – Glucose into pyruvic acid – Produces ATP – Cytoplasm

4. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Krebs cycle – Produces ATP – Releases CO 2 – Mitochondria Electron transport chain – Uses products of Krebs cycle and glycolysis – Oxygen into water – Mitochondria

5. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Oxygen’s Importance Breathing = respiration Aerobic – Electron transport chain – Krebs cycle Anaerobic – Glycolysis – Fermentation

6. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Respiration vs. Photosynthesis Reverse of each other – True globally Use respiration – Nearly all forms Use photosynthesis – Plants, bacteria, algae Photosynthesis deposits energy, respiration withdraws it

7. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview How did you get to school today? How is that similar to respiration?

8. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Glycolysis 1 st step – Uses glucose and 2 ATP – Makes two 3-carbon molecules 2 nd step: makes – Two pyruvic acid molecules – 4 ATP – 2 NADH Overall – Reactants – Products – Anaerobic – Occurs quickly

9. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Krebs Cycle Matrix of mitochondria Pyruvic acid – 2 steps – Produces NADH, CO 2 – Creates acetic acid Acetic acid – Reacts with coenzyme A – Forms acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA – Joins 4-carbon compound – Forms citric acid

10. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Citric Acid Cycle 5-carbon 4-carbon Releases 2 CO 2 Creates 3 NADH, FADH 2 ATP indirectly 4-carbon continues cycle 2 turns per glucose So, 1 glucose =

11. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview

12. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Electron Transport Chain Where? – Inner membrane of mitochondria – Cell membrane NADH and FADH 2 – Passed through proteins – Pump H + into intermembrane space – Concentration gradient – Low energy electrons join oxygen  water

13. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview

14. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Chemiosmosis Same as photosynthesis ATP synthase – In inner mitochondrial membrane – Uses concentration gradient – Releases ATP in matrix 2 electrons  3 ATP

15. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Respiration Total 1 glucose = – 36 ATP – 6 CO 2 – 10 NADH – 2 FADH 2 18x more energy when aerobic 36% efficient Can be used with more complex molecules – First broken down

16. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Fermentation Anaerobic Cytoplasm Alcoholic fermentation – Yeasts, microorganisms – Pyruvic acid + NADH  alcohol + CO 2 + NAD + – NAD + reused – Alcoholic beverages – Bread

17. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Lactic Acid Fermentation Major pathway Pyruvic acid + NADH  lactic acid + NAD + NAD + reused Creates cheese, yogurt, sour cream, pickles, sauerkraut Exercise “burn” in muscles – Removed with enough oxygen

18. Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Cellular Respiration: An Overview Energy Use Short bursts of energy – ATP in muscles – Lactic acid fermentation Longer than 90 sec. of energy – Respiration only method – 15-20 min stored in glycogen in muscles – Break down other stored molecules