1. The New AP Bio Test Format

2. 80 minutes + 10-minute reading period
AP Exam Format
Section I
Question Type
Number of Questions
Timing
Part A: Multiple Choice 63
90 minutes
Part B: Grid-In 6
Section II
Long Free Response 2
80 minutes + 10-minute reading period
Short Free Response

3. The 4 Big Ideas!
1) The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life 2) Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis 3) Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes 4) Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties

4. Big Idea 1:Evolution drives Diversity
Use data and Hardy-Weinberg equations to explain changes to a population over time
Use data to explain natural selection
Use data and Hardy-Weinberg equations to predict changes in a population
Connect evolutionary changes to changes in an environment
Use data and Hardy-Weinberg equations to analyze genetic drift
Predict effects of genetic drift, migration, and artificial selection on a population
Use multiple sources to support theory of evolution
Design experiments to test/observe evolution

5. Big Idea 1:Evolution drives Diversity
Design simulations that will show evolution
Identify core processes for the history of life
Explain specific examples of features shared within each domain of life
Explain if a proposed connection between two species is correct
Understand and use phylogenetic trees and cladograms to show connections between species and their evolutionary history
Create cladogram or tree showing connections
Design experiments to test speciation and extinction
Explain speciation through isolation methods, gene frequency, environment, genetic drift, and Natural Selection

6. Big Idea 1:Evolution drives Diversity
Describe hypothesis on origin of life
Explain reasons to revise an hypothesis on the origin of life
Use geological, physical, and chemical data to explain conditions of early Earth

7. Big Idea 2:Growth and Homeostasis
Explain how living things use free energy to grow and reproduce
Explain how sources of energy affect population and ecosystems
Explain mechanisms used by organisms to capture, store, and use free energy
Use surface area-to-volume ratios to predict stability of a cell
Explain why organisms use certain molecules to build while others are waste products
Able to explain data through a graph of the interaction between organism and the resources taken in to maintain homeostasis and grow
Explain properties of cell membranes and their function

8. Big Idea 2:Growth and Homeostasis
Explain how active transport is necessary for homeostasis
Explain organelle structure and function
Explain differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Explain negative feedback regulation and how changes to it affect a cell and system
Explain how a cell uses negative feedback to regulate an activity
Explain positive feedback regulation and its affects
Use data to explain how a cell/organisms is changing to its external environment
Explain how biotic/abiotic factors will effect a cell/system/population/community/ecosystem

9. Big Idea 2:Growth and Homeostasis
Design an experiment for collecting data on how biotic/abiotic factors effect life at different levels
Explain how homeostasis is connected to evolution and homeostatic mechanisms can show common ancestry
Explain affects of disrupting homeostasis
Explain the human immune system
Explain the nonspecific immune system in plants and animals (Not covered in class, you can read on your own; 35.1, 35. 2, 43.5)
Explain how timing and regulation of important events in development lead to a stable complex organism
Explain how apoptosis, differentiation, reuse of molecules, and homeostasis all play roles in early development

10. Big Idea 2:Growth and Homeostasis
Explain connections between environments and physiological cycles in living things
Explain connections between environments and behavior of living things

11. Big Idea 3:Storing and Responding to Information
Explain structure of DNA and RNA
Explain why we know DNA is hereditary molecule
Explain DNA replication, Mitosis and Meiosis, Cell cycle
Explain Protein synthesis: Transcription and Translation
Explain genetic engineering methods
Explain mutations and how changes in DNA/RNA effect protein structure
Explain sources of genetic variation in inheritance
Explain common inheritance patterns and Mendelian genetics with both vocabulary and mathematics
Explain ethical and social issues around genetic diseases
Explain non-Mendelian genetic patterns

12. Big Idea 3:Storing and Responding to Information
Explain connection between gene expression and phenotype
Explain connection between gene expression and homoeostasis, cell products, and functions
Explain how a single mediate gene expression pathway can affect protein production
Explain mechanisms of gene expression
Explain connections between genotype, phenotype, and natural selection
Explain viral cycles and how viral genetic variation occurs
Explain basic cellular communication and cell signaling pathways
Explain cell-to-cell direct communication and chemical signals

13. Big Idea 3:Storing and Responding to Information
Explain key parts of signal transduction pathways and cellular response
Explain how drugs can affect signal reception and therefore signal transduction pathways
Explain how organisms change behavior in response to external cues
Types of nervous systems, development of human nervous system, details on parts of the brain and neurologic processes
Explain, the words and pictures, how nervous systems detect external and internal signals, transmit, integrate, and send responses

14. Big Idea 4: Biological Systems Interact
Explain biological molecules, their properties, and their monomer units
Explain how monomer sequence determines a polymers properties
Explain interactions between cell organelles and explain how these do essential functions
Explain how gene expression and stimuli result in specialized cells, tissue, and organs
Explain information required to study community interactions
Explain how changes in a population can affect a community
Explain community interactions and movement of energy/matter

15. Big Idea 4: Biological Systems Interact
Predict the movement of energy/matter through a community
Explain how molecular interactions affect structure and function
Explain how cooperative interactions inside an organism promotes efficient use of energy/matter
Explain how population interactions affect species distribution and abundance
Explain how ecosystems can change over time due to large-scale events
Explain consequences of human actions on both local and global scales
Explain how changing molecular units give cells more variation in functions

16. Big Idea 4: Biological Systems Interact
Explain connection between environmental factors and phenotype and genotype
Explain how various phenotypic responses to an environmental factors lead to genotypes variation in a population
Predict survivorship/fitness of a population based on environmental factors
Explain connections between species diversity and ecosystem stability

17. Things you Don’t Need for the AP Test
Details of radiometric dating (ex. C-14)
Names/dates of mass extinctions on Earth
Specific steps, names of enzymes and intermediates of the pathways of burning sugars, fats, and proteins
The specific steps of the Calvin cycle, structure of the molecules, and the names of enzymes (except ATP synthase)
The steps of glycolysis or the Krebs cycle, or the structures of molecules and enzyme names involved
Names of Electron Carriers in the ETC
Structures of specific antibodies
Names of specific stages of embryotic development
Names and specific effects of all plant hormones

18. Things you Don’t Need for the AP Test
Names and specific effects of hormones responsible for daily body cycles
Details on any Cyclin-Cdk complex or growth factor
Memorizing the names of mitosis
The molecular structures of nucleotides, amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates
Functions of smooth ER in specialized cells
Phospholipid synthesis or enzymes inside lysosomes, peroxisomes, and secretory vesicles
Specific examples of how lysosomes digest material
The molecular structure of chlorophyll
No specific cofactors or coenzymes
Names of enzymes in Dogma beyond DNA Poly, Ligase, RNA Poly, Helicase, Topoisomerase
Names of enzymes in prokaryotic protein expression

19. Things you Don’t Need for the AP Test
Epitasis and pleiotropy inheritance
Specific details on how horizontal gene transfer occurs
Details on the sexual reproduction cycles of plants and animals (but DO NEED TO KNOW where genetic variation occurs in these processes)
Specific mechanics of any specific drug
Details of how communities communicate with each other
Any one specific symbiotic interaction

20. Sample AP Exam Questions

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( )/(5-3)
= 700/2
= 350
individuals/day

39. Sample AP Exam Questions
Null= Pp x pp  0.5 Pp and 0.5 pp
146/2= 73 purple
and 73 white
X2 = ((87-73)2/73)
+((59-73)2/73)
= 5.36

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41. Sample AP Exam Questions- Answer