1. LECTURE 8: “TEXT”

2. I M A G E a visual representation of something T E X T a written representation of something

3. Joseph Kosuth, One and three chairs, 1965

4. James Montgomery Flagg, “US Army Recruitment Poster,” 1917

5. Ihap Hulusi, Eroin ve akibeti, ca. 1940

6. Roy Lichtenstein, WHAAM, 1963

7. “illuminated manuscripts,” from the 13th century

8. Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs on the Obelisk of Tuthmosis III, Istanbul, TURKEY

9. Japanese “Kanji” writing

10. “Square Kufic” Arabic script

11. “Zeynel Bey Mausoleum,” Hasankeyf, TURKEY, 1473 AllahMuhammadAli

12. Bülent Erkmen, “Frankfurt Book Fair Logo,” 2008

13. calligraphy (from Greek: “kallos” beauty + “graphẽ” writing)

14. MACKIE, NEW YORK SUBWAY GRAFFITI, 1978 (+ Fresk, Izmir 2014)

15. It’s raining women’s voices as if they had died even in memory And it’s raining you as well marvelous encounters of my life O little drops Those rearing clouds begin to neigh a whole universe of auricular cities Listen if it rains while regret and disdain weep to an ancient music Listen to the bonds fall off which hold you above and below Guillaume Apollinaire, “Il Pleut” (“It’s Raining”), 1918

17. Otl Aicher, “Pictograms for the Munich Olympics,” 1972

18. American Institute of Graphic Arts, “Passenger/Pedestrian Oriented Symbols,” 1972

20. Bruce Nauman, “Window,” 1967

21. Barbara Kruger, Untitled artworks, 1980s

22. Jenny Holzer, “Guggenheim Installation,” 1990

23. Jenny Holzer, “For the Guggenheim,” 2008

24. Shirin Neshat, photograph from the series Women of Allah, 1993-1997

25. “The Pantheon,” Rome, ITALY, 118-126

26. Robert Venturi and Denise Scott-Briown, “Lehigh Valley Hospital,” Pennsylvania, USA, 2005

27. KOÇTAŞ Group, Exterior and Interior Signage, 2008

28. Lou Dorfsman, “Gastro-Typographical-Assemblage” CBS Cafeteria Wall, New York, USA, 1966

29. Chevrolet Motor Company, “Bel Air,” 1956

30. Palette Industries, “Dharma Chair,” 2008 (The chair writes: STAND, FORGET, BREATHE, KNOWLEDGE, OBSERVE)

31. Little Factory Design Group, “Letter Scarves,” 2008