1. Space Exploration Chris Hall Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Virginia Tech chall@aoe.vt.edu Chris Hall Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Virginia Tech chall@aoe.vt.edu Our journeys to the stars will be made on spaceships created by determined, hardworking scientists and engineers applying the principles of science, not aboard flying saucers piloted by little gray aliens from some other dimension. — Robert A. Baker in “The Aliens Among Us: Hypnotic Regression Revisited”, The Skeptical Inquirer, 1988

2. Why Explore Space? Colonization - Marvin the Martian wants to colonize Earth and We want to colonize Mars Science - We want to understand the universe and other planets Communications - Every day we use hundreds of satellites to communicate with other Earthlings Weather and Navigation, and the list goes on Colonization - Marvin the Martian wants to colonize Earth and We want to colonize Mars Science - We want to understand the universe and other planets Communications - Every day we use hundreds of satellites to communicate with other Earthlings Weather and Navigation, and the list goes on

3. What’s In Space? Planets! These pictures of Saturn and Jupiter were taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. Planets! These pictures of Saturn and Jupiter were taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.

4. History of Space Exploration The heavens declare the glory of God, And the firmament showeth His handiwork... In them He has set a tent for the sun….  from Psalm 19 The heavens declare the glory of God, And the firmament showeth His handiwork... In them He has set a tent for the sun….  from Psalm 19 For thousands of years, humans observed the night sky They noticed the patterns and named groups of stars constellations They noticed that some of the stars wandered around among the others The ancient Greeks called these Wanderers Planets Aristarchus (c. 300 BC) first suggested that the Earth revolved around the Sun For thousands of years, humans observed the night sky They noticed the patterns and named groups of stars constellations They noticed that some of the stars wandered around among the others The ancient Greeks called these Wanderers Planets Aristarchus (c. 300 BC) first suggested that the Earth revolved around the Sun

5. Pre-Modern History Tycho Brahe (left) (1546-1601) made the observations that led to Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) discovering how the planets go around the sun, followed by Isaac Newton (1643-1727) inventing the mathematics used to prove Kepler’s discoveries Tycho Brahe (left) (1546-1601) made the observations that led to Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) discovering how the planets go around the sun, followed by Isaac Newton (1643-1727) inventing the mathematics used to prove Kepler’s discoveries

6. Some Modern History "The earth is the cradle of mankind - one cannot remain in the cradle forever" - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) In 1814 Sir William Congreve’s (1772-1828) rockets were used by British at Ft McHenry, witnessed by Francis Scott Key In 1903 the Wright Brothers made the first powered airplane flight In 1926 Robert Goddard (left) (1882-1945) flew the first liquid fuel rocket In 1957 the Soviet Union launched Sputnik the first artificial satellite In 1981 the Space Shuttle Columbia made the first shuttle flight In 1814 Sir William Congreve’s (1772-1828) rockets were used by British at Ft McHenry, witnessed by Francis Scott Key In 1903 the Wright Brothers made the first powered airplane flight In 1926 Robert Goddard (left) (1882-1945) flew the first liquid fuel rocket In 1957 the Soviet Union launched Sputnik the first artificial satellite In 1981 the Space Shuttle Columbia made the first shuttle flight

7. International Space Station - Visible Passes Search Period Start:12:00 Thursday, 15 April, 1999 Search Period End:12:00 Sunday, 25 April, 1999 Observer's Location:Wytheville ( 36.9480°N, 81.0850°W) Local Time:Eastern Daylight Time Orbit:384 x 391 km, 51.6° DateMag Starts Max. Elevation Ends TimeElAzTimeElAzTimeElAz 16 Apr3.16:04 AM10N6:06 AM19NE6:09 AM10E 17 Apr3.75:07 AM10N5:08 AM12N5:10 AM10NE 18 Apr2.35:44 AM10NW5:47 AM31NE5:50 AM10E 19 Apr3.34:46 AM10N4:49 AM18NE4:51 AM10E 20 Apr4.03:51 AM11NE3:52 AM11NE3:52 AM10NE 20 Apr0.95:24 AM10NW5:28 AM61NE5:31 AM10SE 21 Apr2.44:29 AM28NE4:30 AM28NE4:33 AM10E 21 Apr1.56:03 AM10W6:06 AM24SW6:08 AM10S 21 Apr1.69:01 PM10S9:04 PM23SE21:05 AM22SE 22 Apr0.45:08 AM59S5:08 AM59S5:11 AM10SE 23 Apr0.68:41 PM10SW8:44 PM48SE8:47 PM10NE 23 Apr3.210:18 PM10W10:20 PM18NW10:22 PM13N 24 Apr2.29:19 PM10W9:22 PM33NW9:25 PM10NE http://www2.gsoc.dlr.de/scripts/satvis/satvis.asp?Loc=Wytheville&Lat=36.948&Lng=- 81.085&TZ=EST International Space Station - Visible Passes Search Period Start:12:00 Thursday, 15 April, 1999 Search Period End:12:00 Sunday, 25 April, 1999 Observer's Location:Wytheville ( 36.9480°N, 81.0850°W) Local Time:Eastern Daylight Time Orbit:384 x 391 km, 51.6° DateMag Starts Max. Elevation Ends TimeElAzTimeElAzTimeElAz 16 Apr3.16:04 AM10N6:06 AM19NE6:09 AM10E 17 Apr3.75:07 AM10N5:08 AM12N5:10 AM10NE 18 Apr2.35:44 AM10NW5:47 AM31NE5:50 AM10E 19 Apr3.34:46 AM10N4:49 AM18NE4:51 AM10E 20 Apr4.03:51 AM11NE3:52 AM11NE3:52 AM10NE 20 Apr0.95:24 AM10NW5:28 AM61NE5:31 AM10SE 21 Apr2.44:29 AM28NE4:30 AM28NE4:33 AM10E 21 Apr1.56:03 AM10W6:06 AM24SW6:08 AM10S 21 Apr1.69:01 PM10S9:04 PM23SE21:05 AM22SE 22 Apr0.45:08 AM59S5:08 AM59S5:11 AM10SE 23 Apr0.68:41 PM10SW8:44 PM48SE8:47 PM10NE 23 Apr3.210:18 PM10W10:20 PM18NW10:22 PM13N 24 Apr2.29:19 PM10W9:22 PM33NW9:25 PM10NE http://www2.gsoc.dlr.de/scripts/satvis/satvis.asp?Loc=Wytheville&Lat=36.948&Lng=- 81.085&TZ=EST

8. Space Exploration Merit Badge Requirements –Know and describe the Purpose and History of Space Exploration –Build and Fly a Model Rocket! –Know the basic Laws of Physics –Describe the operation of the space shuttle –Discuss what has been learned about the Moon and planets –Design a Space Station Requirements –Know and describe the Purpose and History of Space Exploration –Build and Fly a Model Rocket! –Know the basic Laws of Physics –Describe the operation of the space shuttle –Discuss what has been learned about the Moon and planets –Design a Space Station