1. The
Scientific
Revolution

2. What is a Revolution?
A Revolution is a complete change, or an overthrow of a government, a social system, etc.

3. The Scientific Revolution
New View of the World
Scientific Revolution
Experimentation / observation
Versus
Traditional views

4. Before the Scientific Revolution…
Teachings of Ptolemy, an ancient Greek astronomer.
Ptolemy
( A.D.)
Ptolemy center of the universe.
geocentric theory was supported by the Church.

5. Before the Scientific Revolution…
Ptolemy
( A.D.)
Ptolemy’s geocentric model of the solar system:
Earth
Moon
Mercury
Venus
Sun
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Notice, the Earth is first, and not the sun, as it should be.

7. Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernicus Polish astronomer writer - On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Two Conclusions
Heliocentric Theory
(Sun First)
The Earth one of many planets that revolve around sun
mathematical formulas

8. Nicolaus Copernicus Copernicus’ model of the solar system: Sun Moon
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Notice, the sun is first, not the Earth, as Ptolemy believed.

9. The Copernican Heliocentric Model

10. Reaction to Copernicus
Catholic Church Scholars Reject idea..
Church / Ptolemy‘ s wrong, whole system of human knowledge could be wrong.

11. Tycho Brahe Supports Heliocentric idea astronomical observatory.
Observed and Mapped stars and planets.

12. Johannes Kepler Assistant to Brahe Kepler’s. oval shaped orbits
Satellites today follow Kepler’s
findings

13. Galileo Galilei Galileo assembled the first telescope
- mountains on the moon
- fiery spots on the sun.
- four moons of Jupiter
- objects fall at same speed
regardless of weight.
Galileo was put under house arrest, and was not allowed to publish his ideas

22. Warm Up
Partner quickly and list the sequence of the scientific method?
Why is this important to a revolution of ideas?

23. The Scientific Method State the problem Collect information
Form a hypothesis
Test the hypothesis
Record & analyze data
State a conclusion
Repeat steps 1 – 6
Mathematics for predictions
technological progress multiplies

24. The Scientific Method Isaac Newton
Math to prove the existence of gravity - a force that kept planets in their orbits around the sun, and also caused objects to fall towards the earth.

25. The Scientific Method Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon English philosopher - Advancement of Learning.
Francis Bacon
Epistemology
Bacon investigate truth

26. The Scientific Method René Descartes
Descartes was a French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher.
René Descartes
human reasoning leads to understanding
Truth is key – prove existence -
“I think, therefore I am”

27. Other Scientific Advances…
Chemistry
Robert Boyle
Boyle also explained the effect of temperature and pressure on gases used an air pump.

28. Robert Boyle’s first air pump

29. Other Scientific Advances…
Medicine
Andreas Vesalius
Vesalius’ book was the first accurate and detailed book on human anatomy.
Remember Renaissance!!!!

30. Medieval human anatomy drawing before Vesalius

31. Drawings done by Vesalius

32. Other Scientific Advances…
Medicine
William Harvey
Circulation of blood
He showed how the heart served as a pump to force blood through veins and arteries.

34. Other Scientific Advances…
Medicine
Ambroise Paré
ointments for preventing infection.
Techniques for closing wounds with stitches.

36. Other Scientific Advances…
Medicine
Anton von
Leeuwenhoek
A Dutch inventor who perfected the microscope and became the first human to see cells and microorganisms.